preposition Who acts: preposition, small word, this, Under, We, book · What happens: be, show, link, tell after, mean, put forward · To what, where: small word, noun, idea, proposition, preposition, bed · Speech: someone speaks here
«preposition» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: preposition in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A preposition is a small word that shows how a noun or pronoun is linked to other words, often telling where, when or how: in, on, under, behind, after, with, by, to, from.
The tree, 33 words det nsubj cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl advmod det nsubj:pass cc conj aux:pass ccomp case amod obl punct advmod acl advmod punct advmod cc advmod punct advmod punct mark punct case punct advmod punct compound:prt punct ccomp punct fixed punct xcomp punct obl punct root A DET preposition NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ word NOUN that PRON shows VERB how ADV a DET noun NOUN or CCONJ pronoun NOUN is AUX linked VERB to ADP other ADJ words NOUN , PUNCT often ADV telling VERB where ADV , PUNCT when ADV or CCONJ how ADV : PUNCT in ADV , PUNCT on SCONJ , PUNCT under ADP , PUNCT behind ADV , PUNCT after ADP , PUNCT with ADP , PUNCT by ADP , PUNCT to PART , PUNCT from ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 preposition det 2 preposition preposition NOUN Number=Sing 6 word nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 word cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 word det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 6 word amod 6 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 shows nsubj 8 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 word acl:relcl 9 how how ADV PronType=Int 15 linked advmod 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 noun det 11 noun noun NOUN Number=Sing 15 linked nsubj:pass 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 pronoun cc 13 pronoun pronoun NOUN Number=Sing 11 noun conj 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 linked aux:pass 15 linked link VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 shows ccomp 16 to to ADP _ 18 words case 17 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 18 words amod 18 words word NOUN Number=Plur 15 linked obl 19 , , PUNCT _ 21 telling punct 20 often often ADV _ 21 telling advmod 21 telling tell VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 word acl 22 where where ADV PronType=Rel 21 telling advmod 23 , , PUNCT _ 24 when punct 24 when when ADV PronType=Int 28 in advmod 25 or or CCONJ _ 28 in cc 26 how how ADV PronType=Int 28 in advmod 27 : : PUNCT _ 28 in punct 28 in in ADV _ 21 telling advmod 29 , , PUNCT _ 34 behind punct 30 on on SCONJ _ 34 behind mark 31 , , PUNCT _ 30 on punct 32 under under ADP _ 34 behind case 33 , , PUNCT _ 34 behind punct 34 behind behind ADV _ 21 telling advmod 35 , , PUNCT _ 36 after punct 36 after after ADP _ 21 telling compound:prt 37 , , PUNCT _ 38 with punct 38 with with ADP _ 21 telling ccomp 39 , , PUNCT _ 38 with punct 40 by by ADP _ 38 with fixed 41 , , PUNCT _ 42 to punct 42 to to PART _ 21 telling xcomp 43 , , PUNCT _ 21 telling punct 44 from from ADP _ 21 telling obl 45 . . PUNCT _ 6 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a preposition a small word tree rules 2 show present a small word vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 link present · passive a noun or pronoun to other words vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient to word=Co-Patient 4 tell after speech: assert gerund a small word not said here behind, often property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: formal, rare — kept apart, not parsed.
A preposition can also mean an idea put forward, but this is very rare; usually «proposition» is used.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj aux advmod det obj acl advmod punct cc nsubj cop advmod conj punct advmod punct nsubj:pass punct aux:pass ccomp punct root A DET preposition NOUN can AUX also ADV mean VERB an DET idea NOUN put VERB forward ADV , PUNCT but CCONJ this PRON is AUX very ADV rare ADJ ; PUNCT usually ADV « PUNCT proposition NOUN » PUNCT is AUX used VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 preposition det 2 preposition preposition NOUN Number=Sing 5 mean nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 mean aux 4 also also ADV _ 5 mean advmod 5 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 idea det 7 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 5 mean obj 8 put put VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 idea acl 9 forward forward ADV _ 8 put advmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 15 rare punct 11 but but CCONJ _ 15 rare cc 12 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 15 rare nsubj 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 rare cop 14 very very ADV _ 15 rare advmod 15 rare rare ADJ Degree=Pos 8 put conj 16 ; ; PUNCT _ 22 used punct 17 usually usually ADV _ 19 proposition advmod 18 « « PUNCT _ 19 proposition punct 19 proposition proposition NOUN Number=Sing 22 used nsubj:pass 20 » » PUNCT _ 19 proposition punct 21 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 22 used aux:pass 22 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 mean ccomp 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can a preposition a idea tree rules 2 put forward participle a idea not said here forward property vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent 3 is present this rare property tree rules 4 use present · passive proposition vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 1 «Under» is a preposition in «under the bed».
punct nsubj punct cop det case punct case det nmod punct punct root « PUNCT Under NOUN » PUNCT is AUX a DET preposition NOUN in ADP « PUNCT under ADP the DET bed NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Under punct 2 Under under NOUN Number=Sing 6 preposition nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Under punct 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 preposition cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 preposition det 6 preposition preposition NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 in in ADP _ 11 bed case 8 « « PUNCT _ 11 bed punct 9 under under ADP _ 11 bed case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 bed det 11 bed bed NOUN Number=Sing 6 preposition nmod 12 » » PUNCT _ 6 preposition punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 preposition punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Under a preposition the bed tree rules
Example 2 Circle all the prepositions in the sentence.
det:predet det conj case det nmod punct root Circle NOUN all DET the DET prepositions NOUN in ADP the DET sentence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Circle circle NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 all all DET PronType=Tot 4 prepositions det:predet 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 prepositions det 4 prepositions preposition NOUN Number=Plur 1 Circle conj 5 in in ADP _ 7 sentence case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 sentence det 7 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 4 prepositions nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Circle punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 3 The ball rolled behind the sofa.
det acl case det obl punct root The DET ball NOUN rolled VERB behind ADP the DET sofa NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ball det 2 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 rolled roll VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 ball acl 4 behind behind ADP _ 6 sofa case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 sofa det 6 sofa sofa NOUN Number=Sing 3 rolled obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 ball punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 roll participle the ball not said here the sofa vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind sofa=Trajectory
Example 4 We have PE after lunch.
nsubj obj case obl punct root We PRON have VERB PE NOUN after ADP lunch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 PE pe NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obj 4 after after ADP _ 5 lunch case 5 lunch lunch NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present We PE after lunch vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pe=Patient
Example 5 «In», «on» and «at» are tricky prepositions of time.
The tree, 9 words punct case punct punct punct case punct cc punct conj punct cop amod case nmod punct root « PUNCT In ADP » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT on ADP » PUNCT and CCONJ « PUNCT at ADP » PUNCT are AUX tricky ADJ prepositions NOUN of ADP time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 6 on punct 2 In in ADP _ 6 on case 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 In punct 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 on punct 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 on punct 6 on on ADP _ 14 prepositions case 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 on punct 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 at cc 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 at punct 10 at at ADP _ 6 on conj 11 » » PUNCT _ 6 on punct 12 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 prepositions cop 13 tricky tricky ADJ Degree=Pos 14 prepositions amod 14 prepositions preposition NOUN Number=Plur root root 15 of of ADP _ 16 time case 16 time time NOUN Number=Sing 14 prepositions nmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 14 prepositions punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present tricky prepositions time tree rules
Example 6 The book is between the two boxes.
det nsubj cop case det nummod punct root The DET book NOUN is AUX between ADP the DET two NUM boxes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 book det 2 book book NOUN Number=Sing 7 boxes nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 boxes cop 4 between between ADP _ 7 boxes case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 boxes det 6 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 boxes nummod 7 boxes box NOUN Number=Plur root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 boxes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the book between the two boxes tree rules
Example 7 Use a preposition to say where the treasure is hidden.
det obj mark advcl advmod det nsubj:pass aux:pass ccomp punct root Use VERB a DET preposition NOUN to PART say VERB where ADV the DET treasure NOUN is AUX hidden VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 preposition det 3 preposition preposition NOUN Number=Sing 1 Use obj 4 to to PART _ 5 say mark 5 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Use advcl 6 where where ADV PronType=Rel 10 hidden advmod 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 treasure det 8 treasure treasure NOUN Number=Sing 10 hidden nsubj:pass 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 hidden aux:pass 10 hidden hide VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 say ccomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use imperative you not said here a preposition vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent preposition=Patient 2 say speech: assert to-infinitive you not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 hide present · passive the treasure vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 8 She walked across the bridge.
nsubj case det obl punct root She PRON walked VERB across ADP the DET bridge NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 walked nsubj 2 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 across across ADP _ 5 bridge case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 bridge det 5 bridge bridge NOUN Number=Sing 2 walked obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 walked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk past She the bridge vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across bridge=Trajectory
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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