pretzel Who acts: baked snack, He, I, 36 pretzels, soft pretzel, yoga pose · What happens: bake, make, twist, be, bend, have · To what, where: baked snack, dough, loose knot shape, strange shape, himself, pretzel
«pretzel» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pretzel in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A baked snack made from dough twisted into a loose knot shape, usually salty; it can be hard and crunchy or big and soft.
The tree, 24 words det amod nsubj acl case obl acl case det amod compound obl punct advmod conj punct expl aux cop cc conj cc conj cc conj punct root A DET baked VERB snack NOUN made VERB from ADP dough NOUN twisted VERB into ADP a DET loose ADJ knot NOUN shape NOUN , PUNCT usually ADV salty ADJ ; PUNCT it PRON can AUX be AUX hard ADJ and CCONJ crunchy ADJ or CCONJ big ADJ and CCONJ soft ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 snack det 2 baked bake VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 snack amod 3 snack snack NOUN Number=Sing 20 hard nsubj 4 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 snack acl 5 from from ADP _ 6 dough case 6 dough dough NOUN Number=Sing 4 made obl 7 twisted twist VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 dough acl 8 into into ADP _ 12 shape case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 shape det 10 loose loose ADJ Degree=Pos 12 shape amod 11 knot knot NOUN Number=Sing 12 shape compound 12 shape shape NOUN Number=Sing 7 twisted obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 salty punct 14 usually usually ADV _ 15 salty advmod 15 salty salty ADJ Degree=Pos 12 shape conj 16 ; ; PUNCT _ 20 hard punct 17 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 20 hard expl 18 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 20 hard aux 19 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 20 hard cop 20 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos root root 21 and and CCONJ _ 22 crunchy cc 22 crunchy crunchy ADJ Degree=Pos 20 hard conj 23 or or CCONJ _ 24 big cc 24 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 20 hard conj 25 and and CCONJ _ 26 soft cc 26 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 20 hard conj 27 . . PUNCT _ 20 hard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bake participle vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 make participle a baked snack not said here dough vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from dough=Material 3 twist participle dough not said here a loose knot shape vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into shape=Trajectory 4 is can a baked snack hard property tree rules 5 be a baked snack not said here tree rules 6 be a baked snack not said here tree rules 7 be a baked snack not said here tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
Something bent or twisted into a strange shape: «He twisted himself into a pretzel».
The tree, 14 words acl cc conj case det amod obl punct punct nsubj conj obj case det obl punct punct root Something PRON bent VERB or CCONJ twisted VERB into ADP a DET strange ADJ shape NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT He PRON twisted VERB himself PRON into ADP a DET pretzel NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 2 bent bend VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Something acl 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 twisted cc 4 twisted twist VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 bent conj 5 into into ADP _ 8 shape case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 shape det 7 strange strange ADJ Degree=Pos 8 shape amod 8 shape shape NOUN Number=Sing 4 twisted obl 9 : : PUNCT _ 12 twisted punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 12 twisted punct 11 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 twisted nsubj 12 twisted twist VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 1 Something conj 13 himself himself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 12 twisted obj 14 into into ADP _ 16 pretzel case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 pretzel det 16 pretzel pretzel NOUN Number=Sing 12 twisted obl 17 » » PUNCT _ 16 pretzel punct 18 . . PUNCT _ 1 Something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bend participle vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 twist participle a strange shape vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into shape=Trajectory 3 twist in a quote past He himself = he a pretzel vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent himself=Theme into pretzel=Trajectory
Example 1 I had a salty pretzel at the fair.
nsubj det amod obj case det obl punct root I PRON had VERB a DET salty ADJ pretzel NOUN at ADP the DET fair NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 pretzel det 4 salty salty ADJ Degree=Pos 5 pretzel amod 5 pretzel pretzel NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obj 6 at at ADP _ 8 fair case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 fair det 8 fair fair NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past I a salty pretzel the fair vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pretzel=Patient
Example 2 There are 36 pretzels shared between 4 friends.
expl nummod nsubj acl case nummod obl punct root There PRON are VERB 36 NUM pretzels NOUN shared VERB between ADP 4 NUM friends NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 36 36 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 pretzels nummod 4 pretzels pretzel NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 5 shared share VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 pretzels acl 6 between between ADP _ 8 friends case 7 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 friends nummod 8 friends friend NOUN Number=Plur 5 shared obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present 36 pretzels there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 share participle 36 pretzels not said here between 4 friends tree rules
Example 3 A soft pretzel costs $2.
det amod nsubj obj nummod punct root A DET soft ADJ pretzel NOUN costs VERB $ SYM 2 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 pretzel det 2 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 3 pretzel amod 3 pretzel pretzel NOUN Number=Sing 4 costs nsubj 4 costs cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 $ $ SYM _ 4 costs obj 6 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 $ nummod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 costs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost present a soft pretzel vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme $=Value
Example 4 The yoga pose made me feel like a pretzel.
det compound nsubj obj xcomp case det obl punct root The DET yoga NOUN pose NOUN made VERB me PRON feel VERB like ADP a DET pretzel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 pose det 2 yoga yoga NOUN Number=Sing 3 pose compound 3 pose pose NOUN Number=Sing 4 made nsubj 4 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 made obj 6 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 made xcomp 7 like like ADP _ 9 pretzel case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 pretzel det 9 pretzel pretzel NOUN Number=Sing 6 feel obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the yoga pose me tree rules 2 feel infinitive me not said here like a pretzel vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V S»: agent=Agent like pretzel=Theme
Example 5 Pretzels come from Germany.
nsubj case obl punct root Pretzels NOUN come VERB from ADP Germany PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pretzels pretzel NOUN Number=Plur 2 come nsubj 2 come come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 from from ADP _ 4 Germany case 4 Germany Germany PROPN Number=Sing 2 come obl 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 come punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present Pretzels Germany vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from germany=Initial_Location
Example 6 The rope was tied like a pretzel.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root The DET rope NOUN was AUX tied VERB like ADP a DET pretzel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 rope det 2 rope rope NOUN Number=Sing 4 tied nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 tied aux:pass 4 tied tie VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 like like ADP _ 7 pretzel case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 pretzel det 7 pretzel pretzel NOUN Number=Sing 4 tied obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 tied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tie past · passive the rope like a pretzel vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 7 Dad bought a bag of pretzel sticks for the trip.
nsubj det obj case compound nmod case det obl punct root Dad NOUN bought VERB a DET bag NOUN of ADP pretzel NOUN sticks NOUN for ADP the DET trip NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 bought nsubj 2 bought buy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 bag det 4 bag bag NOUN Number=Sing 2 bought obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 sticks case 6 pretzel pretzel NOUN Number=Sing 7 sticks compound 7 sticks stick NOUN Number=Plur 4 bag nmod 8 for for ADP _ 10 trip case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 trip det 10 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 2 bought obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 bought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buy past Dad a bag of pretzel sticks for the trip vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent bag=Theme for trip=Beneficiary
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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