proposition Who acts: statement, 7, hill, squares, 10, pirate · What happens: suggest, be, deal, describe, make, have · To what, where: idea, true proposition, task, certain way, tough proposition, improper suggestion · Speech: someone speaks here
«proposition» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: proposition in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An idea, plan or offer that is suggested, especially in business: a business proposition.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj:pass punct nsubj:pass cc conj nsubj:pass aux:pass punct advmod case parataxis punct det compound conj punct root An DET idea NOUN , PUNCT plan NOUN or CCONJ offer NOUN that PRON is AUX suggested VERB , PUNCT especially ADV in ADP business NOUN : PUNCT a DET business NOUN proposition NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 idea det 2 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 9 suggested nsubj:pass 3 , , PUNCT _ 4 plan punct 4 plan plan NOUN Number=Sing 9 suggested nsubj:pass 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 offer cc 6 offer offer NOUN Number=Sing 4 plan conj 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 suggested nsubj:pass 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 suggested aux:pass 9 suggested suggest VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 business punct 11 especially especially ADV _ 13 business advmod 12 in in ADP _ 13 business case 13 business business NOUN Number=Sing 9 suggested parataxis 14 : : PUNCT _ 17 proposition punct 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 proposition det 16 business business NOUN Number=Sing 17 proposition compound 17 proposition proposition NOUN Number=Sing 13 business conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 9 suggested punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 suggest speech: suggest present · passive a idea vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: maths, logic — kept apart, not parsed.
A statement that is either true or false: «7 is odd» is a true proposition.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj nsubj cop cc:preconj acl:relcl cc conj punct punct nsubj cop parataxis punct cop det amod punct root A DET statement NOUN that PRON is AUX either CCONJ true ADJ or CCONJ false ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT 7 NUM is AUX odd ADJ » PUNCT is AUX a DET true ADJ proposition NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 statement det 2 statement statement NOUN Number=Sing 18 proposition nsubj 3 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 true nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 true cop 5 either either CCONJ _ 6 true cc:preconj 6 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 2 statement acl:relcl 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 false cc 8 false false ADJ Degree=Pos 6 true conj 9 : : PUNCT _ 13 odd punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 13 odd punct 11 7 7 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 13 odd nsubj 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 odd cop 13 odd odd ADJ Degree=Pos 6 true parataxis 14 » » PUNCT _ 13 odd punct 15 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 proposition cop 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 proposition det 17 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 18 proposition amod 18 proposition proposition NOUN Number=Sing root root 19 . . PUNCT _ 18 proposition punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a statement true property tree rules 2 be a statement not said here tree rules 3 is in a quote present 7 odd property tree rules 4 is a present a statement a true proposition tree rules
Meaning 3 A task or thing to deal with, described in a certain way: «That hill is a tough proposition».
The tree, 18 words det cc conj mark acl obl punct acl case det amod obl punct punct det nsubj cop det amod appos punct punct root A DET task NOUN or CCONJ thing NOUN to PART deal VERB with ADP , PUNCT described VERB in ADP a DET certain ADJ way NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT That DET hill NOUN is AUX a DET tough ADJ proposition NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 task det 2 task task NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 thing cc 4 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 2 task conj 5 to to PART _ 6 deal mark 6 deal deal VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 thing acl 7 with with ADP _ 6 deal obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 described punct 9 described describe VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 task acl 10 in in ADP _ 13 way case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 way det 12 certain certain ADJ Degree=Pos 13 way amod 13 way way NOUN Number=Sing 9 described obl 14 : : PUNCT _ 21 proposition punct 15 « « PUNCT _ 21 proposition punct 16 That that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 17 hill det 17 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 21 proposition nsubj 18 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 21 proposition cop 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 proposition det 20 tough tough ADJ Degree=Pos 21 proposition amod 21 proposition proposition NOUN Number=Sing 13 way appos 22 » » PUNCT _ 21 proposition punct 23 . . PUNCT _ 2 task punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 deal to-infinitive vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent 2 describe participle a task or thing not said here a certain way vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent 3 is a in a quote present that hill a tough proposition tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: verb, informal — kept apart, not parsed.
To make an improper suggestion to someone (adult use).
mark det amod obj case nmod punct amod appos punct punct root To PART make VERB an DET improper ADJ suggestion NOUN to ADP someone PRON ( PUNCT adult ADJ use NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 make mark 2 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 suggestion det 4 improper improper ADJ Degree=Pos 5 suggestion amod 5 suggestion suggestion NOUN Number=Sing 2 make obj 6 to to ADP _ 7 someone case 7 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 suggestion nmod 8 ( ( PUNCT _ 10 use punct 9 adult adult ADJ Degree=Pos 10 use amod 10 use use NOUN Number=Sing 7 someone appos 11 ) ) PUNCT _ 10 use punct 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make to-infinitive a improper suggestion to someone vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset suggestion=Product
Example 1 «All squares have four sides» is a true proposition.
punct det nsubj parataxis nummod obj punct cop det amod punct root « PUNCT All DET squares NOUN have VERB four NUM sides NOUN » PUNCT is AUX a DET true ADJ proposition NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 have punct 2 All all DET PronType=Tot 3 squares det 3 squares square NOUN Number=Plur 4 have nsubj 4 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 proposition parataxis 5 four four NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 sides nummod 6 sides side NOUN Number=Plur 4 have obj 7 » » PUNCT _ 4 have punct 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 proposition cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 proposition det 10 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 11 proposition amod 11 proposition proposition NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 . . PUNCT _ 11 proposition punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have in a quote present all squares four sides vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent side=Patient 2 is a present a true proposition tree rules
Example 2 Is the proposition «10 is odd» true or false?
cop det punct nsubj cop acl:relcl punct conj cc conj punct root Is AUX the DET proposition NOUN « PUNCT 10 NUM is AUX odd ADJ » PUNCT true ADJ or CCONJ false ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 proposition cop 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 proposition det 3 proposition proposition NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 « « PUNCT _ 7 odd punct 5 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 odd nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 odd cop 7 odd odd ADJ Degree=Pos 3 proposition acl:relcl 8 » » PUNCT _ 7 odd punct 9 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 7 odd conj 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 false cc 11 false false ADJ Degree=Pos 7 odd conj 12 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 proposition punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the proposition tree rules 2 is in a quote present 10 the proposition not said here odd property tree rules 3 be 10 not said here tree rules 4 be 10 not said here tree rules
Example 3 The pirate had a proposition for the sailors.
det nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET pirate NOUN had VERB a DET proposition NOUN for ADP the DET sailors NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 pirate det 2 pirate pirate NOUN Number=Sing 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 proposition det 5 proposition proposition NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obj 6 for for ADP _ 8 sailors case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 sailors det 8 sailors sailor NOUN Number=Plur 3 had obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the pirate a proposition for the sailors vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent proposition=Patient
Example 4 Climbing the mountain in winter is a tough proposition.
csubj det obj case obl cop det amod punct root Climbing VERB the DET mountain NOUN in ADP winter NOUN is AUX a DET tough ADJ proposition NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Climbing climb VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 proposition csubj 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 mountain det 3 mountain mountain NOUN Number=Sing 1 Climbing obj 4 in in ADP _ 5 winter case 5 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 1 Climbing obl 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 proposition cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 proposition det 8 tough tough ADJ Degree=Pos 9 proposition amod 9 proposition proposition NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 proposition punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 climb gerund the mountain winter vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location mountain=Theme 2 is a present Climbing a tough proposition tree rules
Example 5 Selling lemonade was a good business proposition.
csubj obj cop det amod compound punct root Selling VERB lemonade NOUN was AUX a DET good ADJ business NOUN proposition NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Selling sell VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 proposition csubj 2 lemonade lemonade NOUN Number=Sing 1 Selling obj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 proposition cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 proposition det 5 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 7 proposition amod 6 business business NOUN Number=Sing 7 proposition compound 7 proposition proposition NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 proposition punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sell gerund lemonade vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lemonade=Theme 2 is a past Selling a good business proposition tree rules
Example 6 The idea of a free trip was an attractive proposition.
det nsubj case det amod nmod cop det amod punct root The DET idea NOUN of ADP a DET free ADJ trip NOUN was AUX an DET attractive ADJ proposition NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 idea det 2 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 10 proposition nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 6 trip case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 trip det 5 free free ADJ Degree=Pos 6 trip amod 6 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 2 idea nmod 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 proposition cop 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 proposition det 9 attractive attractive ADJ Degree=Pos 10 proposition amod 10 proposition proposition NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 proposition punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the idea of a free trip a attractive proposition tree rules
Example 7 Prove the proposition step by step.
det compound obj case obl punct root Prove VERB the DET proposition NOUN step NOUN by ADP step NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Prove prove VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 step det 3 proposition proposition NOUN Number=Sing 4 step compound 4 step step NOUN Number=Sing 1 Prove obj 5 by by ADP _ 6 step case 6 step step NOUN Number=Sing 1 Prove obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Prove punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 prove imperative you not said here the proposition step by step vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent step=Theme
Example 8 The proposition pleased the two others, and they set out on their way together.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj amod det nummod obl:unmarked punct cc nsubj compound:prt case nmod:poss obl advmod punct root The DET proposition NOUN pleased ADJ the DET two NUM others NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ they PRON set VERB out ADP on ADP their PRON way NOUN together ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 proposition det 2 proposition proposition NOUN Number=Sing 10 set nsubj 3 pleased pleased ADJ Degree=Pos 2 proposition amod 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 others det 5 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 others nummod 6 others other NOUN Number=Plur 3 pleased obl:unmarked 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 set punct 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 set cc 9 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 set nsubj 10 set set VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 out out ADP _ 10 set compound:prt 12 on on ADP _ 14 way case 13 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 way nmod:poss 14 way way NOUN Number=Sing 10 set obl 15 together together ADV _ 10 set advmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 10 set punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 set out past the proposition others's way together property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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