ptolemy Who acts: Ptolemy, Greek scientist, Egypt, Earth, Sun, Copernicus · What happens: be, live, write, make, think, go · To what, where: Greek scientist, 100, Alexandria, centre, famous maps, name · Speech: someone speaks here
«ptolemy» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ptolemy in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.
Ptolemy was a Greek scientist who lived in Alexandria in Egypt about 1,900 years ago (around 100–170 AD); he wrote that the Earth was at the centre of the universe and made famous maps.
The tree, 36 words nsubj cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl case obl case obl advmod nummod obl:unmarked advmod punct advmod obl case nmod nmod:unmarked punct punct nsubj parataxis mark det nsubj cop case det ccomp case det nmod cc conj amod obj punct root Ptolemy NOUN was AUX a DET Greek ADJ scientist NOUN who PRON lived VERB in ADP Alexandria PROPN in ADP Egypt PROPN about ADV 1,900 NUM years NOUN ago ADV ( PUNCT around ADV 100 NUM – SYM 170 NUM AD NOUN ) PUNCT ; PUNCT he PRON wrote VERB that SCONJ the DET Earth PROPN was AUX at ADP the DET centre NOUN of ADP the DET universe NOUN and CCONJ made VERB famous ADJ maps NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ptolemy ptolemy NOUN Number=Sing 5 scientist nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 scientist cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 scientist det 4 Greek Greek ADJ Degree=Pos 5 scientist amod 5 scientist scientist NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 lived nsubj 7 lived live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 scientist acl:relcl 8 in in ADP _ 9 Alexandria case 9 Alexandria Alexandria PROPN Number=Sing 7 lived obl 10 in in ADP _ 11 Egypt case 11 Egypt Egypt PROPN Number=Sing 7 lived obl 12 about about ADV _ 13 1,900 advmod 13 1,900 1,900 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 14 years nummod 14 years year NOUN Number=Plur 15 ago obl:unmarked 15 ago ago ADV _ 7 lived advmod 16 ( ( PUNCT _ 18 100 punct 17 around around ADV _ 18 100 advmod 18 100 100 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 lived obl 19 – – SYM ExtPos=ADP 20 170 case 20 170 170 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 18 100 nmod 21 AD ad NOUN Number=Sing 20 170 nmod:unmarked 22 ) ) PUNCT _ 7 lived punct 23 ; ; PUNCT _ 25 wrote punct 24 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 25 wrote nsubj 25 wrote write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 scientist parataxis 26 that that SCONJ _ 32 centre mark 27 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 28 Earth det 28 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 32 centre nsubj 29 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 32 centre cop 30 at at ADP _ 32 centre case 31 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 32 centre det 32 centre centre NOUN Number=Sing 25 wrote ccomp 33 of of ADP _ 35 universe case 34 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 35 universe det 35 universe universe NOUN Number=Sing 32 centre nmod 36 and and CCONJ _ 37 made cc 37 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 25 wrote conj 38 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos 39 maps amod 39 maps map NOUN Number=Plur 37 made obj 40 . . PUNCT _ 5 scientist punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Ptolemy a Greek scientist tree rules 2 live past a Greek scientist 100 – 170 AD Alexandria in Egypt; ago property vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in alexandria=Location 3 write past Egypt vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 is past the Earth the centre of the universe tree rules 5 make past Egypt not said here famous maps vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset map=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.
Ptolemy was also the name of several kings of ancient Egypt after Alexander the Great, including the family of Cleopatra.
The tree, 20 words nsubj cop advmod det case amod nmod case amod nmod case nmod det appos punct case det appos case nmod punct root Ptolemy NOUN was AUX also ADV the DET name NOUN of ADP several ADJ kings NOUN of ADP ancient ADJ Egypt PROPN after ADP Alexander PROPN the DET Great ADJ , PUNCT including ADP the DET family NOUN of ADP Cleopatra PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ptolemy ptolemy NOUN Number=Sing 5 name nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 name cop 3 also also ADV _ 5 name advmod 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 name det 5 name name NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 kings case 7 several several ADJ Degree=Pos 8 kings amod 8 kings king NOUN Number=Plur 5 name nmod 9 of of ADP _ 11 Egypt case 10 ancient ancient ADJ Degree=Pos 11 Egypt amod 11 Egypt Egypt PROPN Number=Sing 8 kings nmod 12 after after ADP _ 13 Alexander case 13 Alexander Alexander PROPN Number=Sing 11 Egypt nmod 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 Great det 15 Great Great ADJ Degree=Pos 13 Alexander appos 16 , , PUNCT _ 19 family punct 17 including including ADP _ 19 family case 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 family det 19 family family NOUN Number=Sing 11 Egypt appos 20 of of ADP _ 21 Cleopatra case 21 Cleopatra Cleopatra PROPN Number=Sing 19 family nmod 22 . . PUNCT _ 5 name punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Ptolemy the name of several kings of ancient Egypt after Alexander tree rules
Example 1 Ptolemy thought the Sun went round the Earth.
nsubj det nsubj ccomp case det obl punct root Ptolemy PROPN thought VERB the DET Sun PROPN went VERB round ADP the DET Earth PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ptolemy Ptolemy PROPN Number=Sing 2 thought nsubj 2 thought think VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 Sun det 4 Sun Sun PROPN Number=Sing 5 went nsubj 5 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 thought ccomp 6 round round ADP _ 8 Earth case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 Earth det 8 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 5 went obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 thought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 think speech: other past Ptolemy vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 go past the Sun the Earth vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme round earth=Initial_Location
Example 2 Ptolemy drew maps of the known world.
nsubj obj case det amod nmod punct root Ptolemy NOUN drew VERB maps NOUN of ADP the DET known VERB world NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ptolemy ptolemy NOUN Number=Sing 2 drew nsubj 2 drew draw VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 maps map NOUN Number=Plur 2 drew obj 4 of of ADP _ 7 world case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 world det 6 known know VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 world amod 7 world world NOUN Number=Sing 3 maps nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 drew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 draw past Ptolemy maps of the known world vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent map=Theme 2 know participle vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 3 Copernicus showed Ptolemy's model was wrong.
nsubj nmod:poss case nsubj cop ccomp punct root Copernicus PROPN showed VERB Ptolemy PROPN 's PART model NOUN was AUX wrong ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Copernicus Copernicus PROPN Number=Sing 2 showed nsubj 2 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 Ptolemy Ptolemy PROPN Number=Sing 5 model nmod:poss 4 's 's PART _ 3 Ptolemy case 5 model model NOUN Number=Sing 7 wrong nsubj 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 wrong cop 7 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 2 showed ccomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past Copernicus vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is past Ptolemy's model wrong property tree rules 3 model Ptolemy nom model «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 Cleopatra came from the family of Ptolemy.
nsubj case det obl case nmod punct root Cleopatra PROPN came VERB from ADP the DET family NOUN of ADP Ptolemy PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cleopatra Cleopatra PROPN Number=Sing 2 came nsubj 2 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 from from ADP _ 5 family case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 family det 5 family family NOUN Number=Sing 2 came obl 6 of of ADP _ 7 Ptolemy case 7 Ptolemy Ptolemy PROPN Number=Sing 5 family nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past Cleopatra the family of Ptolemy vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from family=Initial_Location
Example 5 Ptolemy lived in Alexandria.
nsubj case obl punct root Ptolemy PROPN lived VERB in ADP Alexandria PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ptolemy Ptolemy PROPN Number=Sing 2 lived nsubj 2 lived live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 4 Alexandria case 4 Alexandria Alexandria PROPN Number=Sing 2 lived obl 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 lived punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live past Ptolemy Alexandria vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in alexandria=Location
Example 6 The Ptolemy kings built the great library of Alexandria.
det compound nsubj det amod obj case nmod punct root The DET Ptolemy PROPN kings NOUN built VERB the DET great ADJ library NOUN of ADP Alexandria PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 kings det 2 Ptolemy Ptolemy PROPN Number=Sing 3 kings compound 3 kings king NOUN Number=Plur 4 built nsubj 4 built build VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 library det 6 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 7 library amod 7 library library NOUN Number=Sing 4 built obj 8 of of ADP _ 9 Alexandria case 9 Alexandria Alexandria PROPN Number=Sing 7 library nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 built punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 build past the Ptolemy kings the great library of Alexandria vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent library=Product
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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