pulsar Who acts: neutron star, radio waves, pulsar, beam, Jocelyn Bell, pulsars · What happens: spin, send out, reach, beam, sweep, discover · To what, where: dead star, beams, Earth, radio waves, hundreds, first pulsar · Speech: someone speaks here
«pulsar» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pulsar in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A tiny, very heavy, spinning dead star (a neutron star) that sends out beams of radio waves or light, which reach Earth as very regular pulses, like a lighthouse.
The tree, 29 words det punct advmod conj punct advcl amod obj punct det compound appos punct nsubj acl:relcl compound:prt obj case compound nmod cc conj punct nsubj acl:relcl obj case advmod amod obl punct case det conj punct root A DET tiny ADJ , PUNCT very ADV heavy ADJ , PUNCT spinning VERB dead ADJ star NOUN ( PUNCT a DET neutron NOUN star NOUN ) PUNCT that PRON sends VERB out ADP beams NOUN of ADP radio NOUN waves NOUN or CCONJ light NOUN , PUNCT which PRON reach VERB Earth PROPN as ADP very ADV regular ADJ pulses NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET lighthouse NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 tiny det 2 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 heavy punct 4 very very ADV _ 5 heavy advmod 5 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 2 tiny conj 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 spinning punct 7 spinning spin VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 heavy advcl 8 dead dead ADJ Degree=Pos 9 star amod 9 star star NOUN Number=Sing 7 spinning obj 10 ( ( PUNCT _ 13 star punct 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 star det 12 neutron neutron NOUN Number=Sing 13 star compound 13 star star NOUN Number=Sing 9 star appos 14 ) ) PUNCT _ 13 star punct 15 that that PRON PronType=Rel 16 sends nsubj 16 sends send VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 star acl:relcl 17 out out ADP _ 16 sends compound:prt 18 beams beam NOUN Number=Plur 16 sends obj 19 of of ADP _ 21 waves case 20 radio radio NOUN Number=Sing 21 waves compound 21 waves wave NOUN Number=Plur 18 beams nmod 22 or or CCONJ _ 23 light cc 23 light light NOUN Number=Sing 21 waves conj 24 , , PUNCT _ 26 reach punct 25 which which PRON PronType=Rel 26 reach nsubj 26 reach reach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 21 waves acl:relcl 27 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 26 reach obj 28 as as ADP _ 31 pulses case 29 very very ADV _ 30 regular advmod 30 regular regular ADJ Degree=Pos 31 pulses amod 31 pulses pulse NOUN Number=Plur 26 reach obl 32 , , PUNCT _ 35 lighthouse punct 33 like like ADP _ 35 lighthouse case 34 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 35 lighthouse det 35 lighthouse lighthouse NOUN Number=Sing 31 pulses conj 36 . . PUNCT _ 2 tiny punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spin gerund dead star vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent star=Theme 2 send out present a neutron star beams of radio waves or light vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beam=Theme 3 reach present radio waves or light Earth as regular pulses and a lighthouse vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent earth=Theme 4 beam radio waves or light nom beam «communication transitive»: of=patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 A pulsar spins hundreds of times a second.
det nsubj obj case nmod det nmod:unmarked punct root A DET pulsar NOUN spins VERB hundreds NOUN of ADP times NOUN a DET second NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pulsar det 2 pulsar pulsar NOUN Number=Sing 3 spins nsubj 3 spins spin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 hundreds hundred NOUN Number=Plur 3 spins obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 times case 6 times time NOUN Number=Plur 4 hundreds nmod 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 second det 8 second second NOUN Number=Sing 6 times nmod:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 spins punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spin present a pulsar hundreds of times a second vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hundred=Theme
Example 2 The pulsar's beam sweeps past Earth like a lighthouse.
det nmod:poss case nsubj case obl case det obl punct root The DET pulsar NOUN 's PART beam NOUN sweeps VERB past ADP Earth PROPN like ADP a DET lighthouse NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 pulsar det 2 pulsar pulsar NOUN Number=Sing 4 beam nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 pulsar case 4 beam beam NOUN Number=Sing 5 sweeps nsubj 5 sweeps sweep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 past past ADP _ 7 Earth case 7 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 5 sweeps obl 8 like like ADP _ 10 lighthouse case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 lighthouse det 10 lighthouse lighthouse NOUN Number=Sing 5 sweeps obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 sweeps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sweep present the pulsar's beam Earth like a lighthouse vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme past earth=Trajectory 2 beam the pulsar nom beam «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 Jocelyn Bell Burnell discovered the first pulsar.
compound nsubj flat det amod obj punct root Jocelyn PROPN Bell PROPN Burnell PROPN discovered VERB the DET first ADJ pulsar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Jocelyn Jocelyn PROPN Number=Sing 2 Bell compound 2 Bell Bell PROPN Number=Sing 4 discovered nsubj 3 Burnell Burnell PROPN Number=Sing 2 Bell flat 4 discovered discover VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 pulsar det 6 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 7 pulsar amod 7 pulsar pulsar NOUN Number=Sing 4 discovered obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 discovered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 discover past Jocelyn Bell the first pulsar vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pulsar=Topic
Example 4 At first scientists jokingly called the signal "little green men".
case amod obl advmod det xcomp punct amod amod appos punct punct root At ADP first ADJ scientists NOUN jokingly ADV called VERB the DET signal NOUN " PUNCT little ADJ green ADJ men NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 At at ADP _ 3 scientists case 2 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 3 scientists amod 3 scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 5 called obl 4 jokingly jokingly ADV _ 5 called advmod 5 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 signal det 7 signal signal NOUN Number=Sing 5 called xcomp 8 " " PUNCT _ 11 men punct 9 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 11 men amod 10 green green ADJ Degree=Pos 11 men amod 11 men man NOUN Number=Plur 7 signal appos 12 " " PUNCT _ 11 men punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call participle the signal at first scientists; jokingly property vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at scientist=Stimulus
Example 5 Pulsars are left over after a supernova.
nsubj aux:pass advmod case det obl punct root Pulsars NOUN are AUX left VERB over ADV after ADP a DET supernova NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pulsars pulsar NOUN Number=Plur 3 left nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 left aux:pass 3 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 over over ADV _ 3 left advmod 5 after after ADP _ 7 supernova case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 supernova det 7 supernova supernova NOUN Number=Sing 3 left obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave over present · passive Pulsars after a supernova over property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 6 Some pulsars keep time better than clocks on Earth.
det nsubj obl:unmarked xcomp case obl case nmod punct root Some DET pulsars NOUN keep VERB time NOUN better ADJ than ADP clocks NOUN on ADP Earth PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 pulsars det 2 pulsars pulsar NOUN Number=Plur 3 keep nsubj 3 keep keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 time time NOUN Number=Sing 5 better obl:unmarked 5 better good ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 keep xcomp 6 than than ADP _ 7 clocks case 7 clocks clock NOUN Number=Plur 5 better obl 8 on on ADP _ 9 Earth case 9 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 7 clocks nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep present some pulsars good property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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