purr Who acts: cat, purr, machine, I, you, Lions · What happens: purr, make, rumble, be, feel, stroke · To what, where: low soft rumbling sound, throat, sound, quiet smooth humming sound, kitten, lap
«purr» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: purr in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 When a cat purrs, it makes a low, soft, rumbling sound in its throat, usually when it is happy.
The tree, 19 words mark det nsubj advcl punct nsubj det amod punct amod punct amod obj case nmod:poss nmod punct advmod advmod nsubj cop conj punct root When SCONJ a DET cat NOUN purrs VERB , PUNCT it PRON makes VERB a DET low ADJ , PUNCT soft ADJ , PUNCT rumbling VERB sound NOUN in ADP its PRON throat NOUN , PUNCT usually ADV when ADV it PRON is AUX happy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when SCONJ _ 4 purrs mark 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 cat det 3 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 4 purrs nsubj 4 purrs purr VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 makes advcl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 purrs punct 6 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 makes nsubj 7 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 sound det 9 low low ADJ Degree=Pos 14 sound amod 10 , , PUNCT _ 9 low punct 11 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 14 sound amod 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 rumbling punct 13 rumbling rumble VERB VerbForm=Ger 14 sound amod 14 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 7 makes obj 15 in in ADP _ 17 throat case 16 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 17 throat nmod:poss 17 throat throat NOUN Number=Sing 14 sound nmod 18 , , PUNCT _ 23 happy punct 19 usually usually ADV _ 23 happy advmod 20 when when ADV PronType=Int 23 happy advmod 21 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 23 happy nsubj 22 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 23 happy cop 23 happy happy ADJ Degree=Pos 7 makes conj 24 . . PUNCT _ 7 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 purr present a cat vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 make present cat a low soft rumbling sound cat's throat vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material sound=Product 3 rumble gerund vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 is present cat happy, usually property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A purr is that sound.
det nsubj cop det punct root A DET purr NOUN is AUX that DET sound NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 purr det 2 purr purr NOUN Number=Sing 5 sound nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 sound cop 4 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 sound det 5 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 sound punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a purr that sound tree rules
Meaning 3 A machine such as an engine purrs when it makes a quiet, smooth humming sound.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj case fixed det nmod advmod nsubj advcl det amod punct amod compound obj punct root A DET machine NOUN such ADJ as ADP an DET engine NOUN purrs VERB when ADV it PRON makes VERB a DET quiet ADJ , PUNCT smooth ADJ humming NOUN sound NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 machine det 2 machine machine NOUN Number=Sing 7 purrs nsubj 3 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 6 engine case 4 as as ADP _ 3 such fixed 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 engine det 6 engine engine NOUN Number=Sing 2 machine nmod 7 purrs purr VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 when when ADV PronType=Int 10 makes advmod 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 makes nsubj 10 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 purrs advcl 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 sound det 12 quiet quiet ADJ Degree=Pos 16 sound amod 13 , , PUNCT _ 12 quiet punct 14 smooth smooth ADJ Degree=Pos 16 sound amod 15 humming humming NOUN Number=Sing 16 sound compound 16 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 10 makes obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 7 purrs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 purr present a machine such a engine vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 make present machine a quiet smooth humming sound vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material sound=Product
Example 1 The kitten purred on my lap.
det acl case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET kitten NOUN purred VERB on ADP my PRON lap NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 kitten det 2 kitten kitten NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 purred purr VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 kitten acl 4 on on ADP _ 6 lap case 5 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 lap nmod:poss 6 lap lap NOUN Number=Sing 3 purred obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 kitten punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 purr participle the kitten not said here my lap vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on lap=Location
Example 2 I could feel the cat's purr when I stroked her.
nsubj aux det nmod:poss case obj advmod nsubj advcl obj punct root I PRON could AUX feel VERB the DET cat NOUN 's PART purr NOUN when ADV I PRON stroked VERB her PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 feel nsubj 2 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 feel aux 3 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 cat det 5 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 7 purr nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 cat case 7 purr purr NOUN Number=Sing 3 feel obj 8 when when ADV PronType=Int 10 stroked advmod 9 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 stroked nsubj 10 stroked stroke VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 feel advcl 11 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 stroked obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 feel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel could I the cat's purr vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent purr=Theme 2 stroke past I cat vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Experiencer 3 purr the cat nom purr «event intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 Our cat purrs whenever you scratch behind her ears.
nmod:poss nsubj advmod nsubj ccomp case nmod:poss obl punct root Our PRON cat NOUN purrs VERB whenever ADV you PRON scratch VERB behind ADP her PRON ears NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 cat nmod:poss 2 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 3 purrs nsubj 3 purrs purr VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 whenever whenever ADV PronType=Rel 6 scratch advmod 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 scratch nsubj 6 scratch scratch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 purrs ccomp 7 behind behind ADP _ 9 ears case 8 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 ears nmod:poss 9 ears ear NOUN Number=Plur 6 scratch obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 purrs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 purr present Our cat vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 scratch present you cat's ears whenever property vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent behind ear=Location
Example 4 The new car's engine purred quietly.
det amod nmod:poss case acl advmod punct root The DET new ADJ car NOUN 's PART engine NOUN purred VERB quietly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 car det 2 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 3 car amod 3 car car NOUN Number=Sing 5 engine nmod:poss 4 's 's PART _ 3 car case 5 engine engine NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 purred purr VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 engine acl 7 quietly quietly ADV _ 6 purred advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 engine punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 purr participle the new car's engine not said here quietly property vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Lions cannot purr, but they can roar.
nsubj aux advmod punct cc nsubj aux advcl punct root Lions NOUN can AUX not PART purr VERB , PUNCT but CCONJ they PRON can AUX roar VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lions lion NOUN Number=Plur 4 purr nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 purr aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 purr advmod 4 purr purr VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 roar punct 6 but but CCONJ _ 9 roar cc 7 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 roar nsubj 8 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 roar aux 9 roar roar VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 purr advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 purr punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not purr can Lions vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 roar can Lions = lion vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 She heard a gentle purr from under the blanket.
nsubj det amod obj case case det obl punct root She PRON heard VERB a DET gentle ADJ purr NOUN from ADP under ADP the DET blanket NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 heard nsubj 2 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 purr det 4 gentle gentle ADJ Degree=Pos 5 purr amod 5 purr purr NOUN Number=Sing 2 heard obj 6 from from ADP _ 9 blanket case 7 under under ADP _ 9 blanket case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 blanket det 9 blanket blanket NOUN Number=Sing 2 heard obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear past She a gentle purr the blanket vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent purr=Topic from blanket=Source
Example 7 The cat purred loudly and closed its eyes.
det nsubj acl advmod cc nmod:poss obj punct root The DET cat NOUN purred VERB loudly ADV and CCONJ closed VERB its PRON eyes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cat det 2 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 6 closed nsubj 3 purred purr VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 cat acl 4 loudly loudly ADV _ 3 purred advmod 5 and and CCONJ _ 3 purred cc 6 closed close VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 eyes nmod:poss 8 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 6 closed obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 closed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 purr participle the cat not said here loudly property vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 close past the cat cat's eyes vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient
Example 8 “Nay,” purred Bagheera, “that may not be.
punct discourse punct punct obj punct punct nsubj aux advmod conj punct root “ PUNCT Nay INTJ , PUNCT ” PUNCT purred VERB Bagheera PROPN , PUNCT “ PUNCT that PRON may AUX not PART be VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 5 purred punct 2 Nay nay INTJ _ 5 purred discourse 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 purred punct 4 ” " PUNCT _ 5 purred punct 5 purred purr VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 Bagheera Bagheera PROPN Number=Sing 5 purred obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 12 be punct 8 “ " PUNCT _ 12 be punct 9 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 12 be nsubj 10 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 be aux 11 not not PART Polarity=Neg 12 be advmod 12 be be VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 purred conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 purred punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 purr participle Bagheera vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bagheera=Topic 2 not be in a quote may that vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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