quill Who acts: quill, People, She, porcupine, Hedgehog quills, pupils · What happens: be, make, sharpen, dip, use, call · To what, where: pen, large bird feather, end, large stiff feather, wing, sharp spines · Speech: someone speaks here
«quill» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: quill in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A quill is a pen made from a large bird feather, with the end sharpened and dipped in ink, used for writing long ago.
The tree, 24 words det nsubj cop det acl case det amod compound obl punct case det obl acl cc conj case obl punct acl case obl advmod advmod punct root A DET quill NOUN is AUX a DET pen NOUN made VERB from ADP a DET large ADJ bird NOUN feather NOUN , PUNCT with ADP the DET end NOUN sharpened VERB and CCONJ dipped VERB in ADP ink NOUN , PUNCT used VERB for ADP writing NOUN long ADV ago ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 quill det 2 quill quill NOUN _ 5 pen nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 pen cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 pen det 5 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 pen acl 7 from from ADP _ 11 feather case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 feather det 9 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 11 feather amod 10 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 11 feather compound 11 feather feather NOUN Number=Sing 6 made obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 end punct 13 with with ADP _ 15 end case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 end det 15 end end NOUN Number=Sing 6 made obl 16 sharpened sharpen VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 15 end acl 17 and and CCONJ _ 18 dipped cc 18 dipped dip VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 16 sharpened conj 19 in in ADP _ 20 ink case 20 ink ink NOUN Number=Sing 18 dipped obl 21 , , PUNCT _ 22 used punct 22 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 pen acl 23 for for ADP _ 24 writing case 24 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 22 used obl 25 long long ADV Degree=Pos 26 ago advmod 26 ago ago ADV _ 22 used advmod 27 . . PUNCT _ 5 pen punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a quill a pen tree rules 2 make participle a pen not said here a large bird feather with the end vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from feather=Material 3 sharpen participle the end not said here vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 4 dip participle in ink vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in ink=Attribute 5 use participle a pen not said here for writing; ago property vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A quill is also a large, stiff feather from a bird's wing or tail.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop advmod det amod punct amod case det nmod:poss case nmod cc conj punct root A DET quill NOUN is AUX also ADV a DET large ADJ , PUNCT stiff ADJ feather NOUN from ADP a DET bird NOUN 's PART wing NOUN or CCONJ tail NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 quill det 2 quill quill NOUN _ 9 feather nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 feather cop 4 also also ADV _ 9 feather advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 feather det 6 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 9 feather amod 7 , , PUNCT _ 6 large punct 8 stiff stiff ADJ Degree=Pos 9 feather amod 9 feather feather NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 from from ADP _ 14 wing case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 bird det 12 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 14 wing nmod:poss 13 's 's PART _ 12 bird case 14 wing wing NOUN Number=Sing 9 feather nmod 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 tail cc 16 tail tail NOUN Number=Sing 14 wing conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 9 feather punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a quill a large stiff feather a bird's wing or tail tree rules
Meaning 3 The sharp spines on a porcupine or hedgehog are also called quills.
det amod nsubj:pass case det nmod cc conj aux:pass advmod xcomp punct root The DET sharp ADJ spines NOUN on ADP a DET porcupine NOUN or CCONJ hedgehog NOUN are AUX also ADV called VERB quills NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 spines det 2 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 3 spines amod 3 spines spine NOUN Number=Plur 11 called nsubj:pass 4 on on ADP _ 6 porcupine case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 porcupine det 6 porcupine porcupine NOUN Number=Sing 3 spines nmod 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 hedgehog cc 8 hedgehog hedgehog NOUN Number=Sing 6 porcupine conj 9 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 called aux:pass 10 also also ADV _ 11 called advmod 11 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 12 quills quill NOUN Number=Plur 11 called xcomp 13 . . PUNCT _ 11 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive the sharp spines on a porcupine or hedgehog vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 1 People long ago wrote with a quill and ink.
nsubj advmod advmod case det obl cc conj punct root People NOUN long ADV ago ADV wrote VERB with ADP a DET quill NOUN and CCONJ ink NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 People people NOUN Number=Plur 4 wrote nsubj 2 long long ADV Degree=Pos 3 ago advmod 3 ago ago ADV _ 4 wrote advmod 4 wrote write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 with with ADP _ 7 quill case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 quill det 7 quill quill NOUN _ 4 wrote obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 ink cc 9 ink ink NOUN Number=Sing 7 quill conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 wrote punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write past People with a quill and ink; ago property vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 She dipped the quill in the inkpot.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct root She PRON dipped VERB the DET quill NOUN in ADP the DET inkpot NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 dipped nsubj 2 dipped dip VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 quill det 4 quill quill NOUN _ 2 dipped obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 inkpot case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 inkpot det 7 inkpot inkpot NOUN Number=Sing 2 dipped obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 dipped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dip past She the quill the inkpot vn funnel-9.3 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent quill=Theme in inkpot=Trajectory
Example 3 The quill was made from a goose feather.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case det compound obl punct root The DET quill NOUN was AUX made VERB from ADP a DET goose NOUN feather NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 quill det 2 quill quill NOUN _ 4 made nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 made aux:pass 4 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 from from ADP _ 8 feather case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 feather det 7 goose goose NOUN Number=Sing 8 feather compound 8 feather feather NOUN Number=Sing 4 made obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past · passive the quill a goose feather vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from feather=Material
Example 4 The porcupine raised its quills to warn the dog.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj mark advcl det obj punct root The DET porcupine NOUN raised VERB its PRON quills NOUN to PART warn VERB the DET dog NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 porcupine det 2 porcupine porcupine NOUN Number=Sing 3 raised nsubj 3 raised raise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 quills nmod:poss 5 quills quill NOUN Number=Plur 3 raised obj 6 to to PART _ 7 warn mark 7 warn warn VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 raised advcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 dog det 9 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 7 warn obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 raised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 raise past the porcupine porcupine's quills vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quill=Theme 2 warn speech: warn to-infinitive the porcupine not said here the dog vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent dog=Recipient
Example 5 Hedgehog quills are stiff and sharp.
compound nsubj cop cc conj punct root Hedgehog PROPN quills NOUN are AUX stiff ADJ and CCONJ sharp ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hedgehog Hedgehog PROPN Number=Sing 2 quills compound 2 quills quill NOUN Number=Plur 4 stiff nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 stiff cop 4 stiff stiff ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 sharp cc 6 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 4 stiff conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 stiff punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Hedgehog quills stiff property tree rules 2 be Hedgehog quills not said here tree rules
Example 6 In the wizard school story, pupils write with quills.
case det amod compound obl punct nsubj case obl punct root In ADP the DET wizard ADJ school NOUN story NOUN , PUNCT pupils NOUN write VERB with ADP quills NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 5 story case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 story det 3 wizard wizard ADJ Degree=Pos 5 story amod 4 school school NOUN Number=Sing 5 story compound 5 story story NOUN Number=Sing 8 write obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 story punct 7 pupils pupil NOUN Number=Plur 8 write nsubj 8 write write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 with with ADP _ 10 quills case 10 quills quill NOUN Number=Plur 8 write obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write present pupils the wizard school story with quills vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in story=Destination
Example 7 We tried to write our names with a quill in the museum.
nsubj mark xcomp nmod:poss obj case det obl case det obl punct root We PRON tried VERB to PART write VERB our PRON names NOUN with ADP a DET quill NOUN in ADP the DET museum NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 tried nsubj 2 tried try VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 write mark 4 write write VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 tried xcomp 5 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 names nmod:poss 6 names name NOUN Number=Plur 4 write obj 7 with with ADP _ 9 quill case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 quill det 9 quill quill NOUN _ 4 write obl 10 in in ADP _ 12 museum case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 museum det 12 museum museum NOUN Number=Sing 4 write obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 tried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 try past We vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 write not said to happen to-infinitive We not said here our names the museum with a quill vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent name=Theme in museum=Destination 3 name our nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 8 ‘In the window was an old quill pen.
punct case det obl cop det amod compound punct root ‘ PUNCT In ADP the DET window NOUN was AUX an DET old ADJ quill NOUN pen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ‘ ' PUNCT _ 9 pen punct 2 In in ADP _ 4 window case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 window det 4 window window NOUN Number=Sing 9 pen obl 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 pen cop 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 pen det 7 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 9 pen amod 8 quill quill NOUN _ 9 pen compound 9 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 pen punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past a old quill pen the window tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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