raft Who acts: raft, They, stick raft, sailors, We, you · What happens: float, be, make, tie, use, travel · To what, where: flat floating platform, barrels, water, inflatable rubber boat, large number, raft
«raft» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: raft in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A raft is a flat floating platform, often made of logs, planks or barrels tied together, used to travel on water.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det amod amod punct advmod acl case obl punct conj cc conj acl advmod punct parataxis mark xcomp case obl punct root A DET raft NOUN is AUX a DET flat ADJ floating VERB platform NOUN , PUNCT often ADV made VERB of ADP logs NOUN , PUNCT planks NOUN or CCONJ barrels NOUN tied VERB together ADV , PUNCT used VERB to PART travel VERB on ADP water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 raft det 2 raft raft NOUN Number=Sing 7 platform nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 platform cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 platform det 5 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 7 platform amod 6 floating float VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 platform amod 7 platform platform NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 made punct 9 often often ADV _ 10 made advmod 10 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 platform acl 11 of of ADP _ 12 logs case 12 logs log NOUN Number=Plur 10 made obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 planks punct 14 planks plank NOUN Number=Plur 12 logs conj 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 barrels cc 16 barrels barrel NOUN Number=Plur 12 logs conj 17 tied tie VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 16 barrels acl 18 together together ADV _ 17 tied advmod 19 , , PUNCT _ 20 used punct 20 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 platform parataxis 21 to to PART _ 22 travel mark 22 travel travel VERB VerbForm=Inf 20 used xcomp 23 on on ADP _ 24 water case 24 water water NOUN Number=Sing 22 travel obl 25 . . PUNCT _ 7 platform punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 float gerund vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is a present a raft a flat floating platform tree rules 3 make participle a flat floating platform not said here of logs and planks or barrels; often property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 4 tie participle barrels not said here together property vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient 5 use participle vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 6 travel to-infinitive water vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on water=Trajectory
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A raft is also an inflatable rubber boat.
det nsubj cop advmod det amod compound punct root A DET raft NOUN is AUX also ADV an DET inflatable ADJ rubber NOUN boat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 raft det 2 raft raft NOUN Number=Sing 8 boat nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 boat cop 4 also also ADV _ 8 boat advmod 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 boat det 6 inflatable inflatable ADJ Degree=Pos 8 boat amod 7 rubber rubber NOUN Number=Sing 8 boat compound 8 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 boat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a raft a inflatable rubber boat tree rules
Meaning 3 A raft of things means a large number of them.
det nsubj case nmod det amod obj case nmod punct root A DET raft NOUN of ADP things NOUN means VERB a DET large ADJ number NOUN of ADP them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 raft det 2 raft raft NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 things case 4 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 2 raft nmod 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 number det 7 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 8 number amod 8 number number NOUN Number=Sing 5 means obj 9 of of ADP _ 10 them case 10 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 number nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present a raft of things a large number of things vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Topic
Meaning 4 To raft means to travel on a raft, especially down a river (rafting).
The tree, 13 words mark nsubj mark xcomp case det obl punct advmod case det obl punct appos punct punct root To PART raft NOUN means VERB to PART travel VERB on ADP a DET raft NOUN , PUNCT especially ADV down ADP a DET river NOUN ( PUNCT rafting NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 raft mark 2 raft raft NOUN Number=Sing 3 means nsubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 travel mark 5 travel travel VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 on on ADP _ 8 raft case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 raft det 8 raft raft NOUN Number=Sing 5 travel obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 river punct 10 especially especially ADV _ 13 river advmod 11 down down ADP _ 13 river case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 river det 13 river river NOUN Number=Sing 5 travel obl 14 ( ( PUNCT _ 15 rafting punct 15 rafting rafting NOUN Number=Sing 13 river appos 16 ) ) PUNCT _ 15 rafting punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present raft vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 travel not said to happen to-infinitive raft not said here a raft down a river vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on raft=Trajectory
Example 1 They built a raft from logs and rope.
nsubj det obj case obl cc conj punct root They PRON built VERB a DET raft NOUN from ADP logs NOUN and CCONJ rope NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 built nsubj 2 built build VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 raft det 4 raft raft NOUN Number=Sing 2 built obj 5 from from ADP _ 6 logs case 6 logs log NOUN Number=Plur 2 built obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 rope cc 8 rope rope NOUN Number=Sing 6 logs conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 built punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 build past They a raft logs and rope vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset raft=Product from log=Material
Example 2 Our lolly-stick raft held twenty coins before it sank.
nmod:poss compound punct compound nsubj nummod obj mark nsubj advcl punct root Our PRON lolly NOUN - PUNCT stick NOUN raft NOUN held VERB twenty NUM coins NOUN before SCONJ it PRON sank VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 raft nmod:poss 2 lolly lolly NOUN Number=Sing 4 stick compound 3 - - PUNCT _ 2 lolly punct 4 stick stick NOUN Number=Sing 5 raft compound 5 raft raft NOUN Number=Sing 6 held nsubj 6 held hold VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 twenty twenty NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 coins nummod 8 coins coin NOUN Number=Plur 6 held obj 9 before before SCONJ _ 11 sank mark 10 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 sank nsubj 11 sank sink VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 held advcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 held punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold participle Our stick raft twenty coins vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coin=Theme 2 sink past raft vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 3 The sailors climbed into the life raft.
det nsubj case det compound obl punct root The DET sailors NOUN climbed VERB into ADP the DET life NOUN raft NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sailors det 2 sailors sailor NOUN Number=Plur 3 climbed nsubj 3 climbed climb VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 into into ADP _ 7 raft case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 raft det 6 life life NOUN Number=Sing 7 raft compound 7 raft raft NOUN Number=Sing 3 climbed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 climbed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 climb past the sailors the life raft vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into raft=Destination
Example 4 We went rafting down the river with a guide.
nsubj xcomp case det obl case det obl punct root We PRON went VERB rafting VERB down ADP the DET river NOUN with ADP a DET guide NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 went nsubj 2 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 rafting raft VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 went xcomp 4 down down ADP _ 6 river case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 river det 6 river river NOUN Number=Sing 3 rafting obl 7 with with ADP _ 9 guide case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 guide det 9 guide guide NOUN Number=Sing 3 rafting obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past We vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 raft gerund We not said here the river with a guide vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V PP.location»: agent=Theme down river=Trajectory
Example 5 Always wear a life jacket on a raft.
advmod det compound obj case det nmod punct root Always ADV wear VERB a DET life NOUN jacket NOUN on ADP a DET raft NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Always always ADV PronType=Tot 2 wear advmod 2 wear wear VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 jacket det 4 life life NOUN Number=Sing 5 jacket compound 5 jacket jacket NOUN Number=Sing 2 wear obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 raft case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 raft det 8 raft raft NOUN Number=Sing 5 jacket nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 wear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear imperative you not said here a life jacket a raft always property vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent jacket=Theme
Example 6 The council announced a raft of new ideas.
det nsubj det obj case amod nmod punct root The DET council NOUN announced VERB a DET raft NOUN of ADP new ADJ ideas NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 council det 2 council council NOUN Number=Sing 3 announced nsubj 3 announced announce VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 raft det 5 raft raft NOUN Number=Sing 3 announced obj 6 of of ADP _ 8 ideas case 7 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 8 ideas amod 8 ideas idea NOUN Number=Plur 5 raft nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 announced punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 announce speech: other past the council a raft of new ideas vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent raft=Theme
Example 7 A raft of ducks floated on the pond.
det case nmod acl case det obl punct root A DET raft NOUN of ADP ducks NOUN floated VERB on ADP the DET pond NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 raft det 2 raft raft NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 4 ducks case 4 ducks duck NOUN Number=Plur 2 raft nmod 5 floated float VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 ducks acl 6 on on ADP _ 8 pond case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 pond det 8 pond pond NOUN Number=Sing 5 floated obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 raft punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 float participle ducks not said here the pond vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on pond=Trajectory
Example 8 Dorothy sat down in the middle of the raft and held Toto in her arms.
The tree, 15 words nsubj compound:prt case det obl case det nmod cc conj obj case nmod:poss obl punct root Dorothy PROPN sat VERB down ADP in ADP the DET middle NOUN of ADP the DET raft NOUN and CCONJ held VERB Toto PROPN in ADP her PRON arms NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dorothy Dorothy PROPN Number=Sing 2 sat nsubj 2 sat sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 down down ADP _ 2 sat compound:prt 4 in in ADP _ 6 middle case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 middle det 6 middle middle NOUN Number=Sing 2 sat obl 7 of of ADP _ 9 raft case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 raft det 9 raft raft NOUN Number=Sing 6 middle nmod 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 held cc 11 held hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 sat conj 12 Toto Toto PROPN Number=Sing 11 held obj 13 in in ADP _ 15 arms case 14 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 15 arms nmod:poss 15 arms arm NOUN Number=Plur 11 held obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 sat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit down past Dorothy the middle of the raft vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in middle=Location 2 hold past Dorothy not said here Toto Dorothy's arms vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent toto=Theme in arm=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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