rainforest Who acts: rainforest, it, Most rainforests, some, Amazon rainforest, Sloths · What happens: be, rain, live, reach, make, project · To what, where: thick forest, lot, equator, largest rainforest, world, rainforest
«rainforest» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: rainforest in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A rainforest is a thick forest of tall trees in a place where it rains a lot almost every month.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop det amod case amod nmod case det nmod advmod nsubj acl det obj advmod det obl punct root A DET rainforest NOUN is AUX a DET thick ADJ forest NOUN of ADP tall ADJ trees NOUN in ADP a DET place NOUN where ADV it PRON rains VERB a DET lot NOUN almost ADV every DET month NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 rainforest det 2 rainforest rainforest NOUN Number=Sing 6 forest nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 forest cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 forest det 5 thick thick ADJ Degree=Pos 6 forest amod 6 forest forest NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 9 trees case 8 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 9 trees amod 9 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 6 forest nmod 10 in in ADP _ 12 place case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 place det 12 place place NOUN Number=Sing 9 trees nmod 13 where where ADV PronType=Rel 15 rains advmod 14 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 rains nsubj 15 rains rain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 place acl 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 lot det 17 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 15 rains obj 18 almost almost ADV _ 20 month advmod 19 every every DET PronType=Tot 20 month det 20 month month NOUN Number=Sing 15 rains obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 6 forest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a rainforest a thick forest of tall trees in a place tree rules 2 rain present it a lot month tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Most rainforests are tropical, near the equator and hot all year; some are temperate, cooler and wet, like those in New Zealand, Tasmania and the north-west of the USA and Canada.
The tree, 32 words amod nsubj cop punct case det obl cc amod det obl:unmarked punct nsubj cop conj punct conj cc conj punct case conj case flat nmod punct conj cc det compound punct conj case det nmod cc conj punct root Most ADJ rainforests NOUN are AUX tropical ADJ , PUNCT near ADP the DET equator NOUN and CCONJ hot ADJ all DET year NOUN ; PUNCT some DET are AUX temperate ADJ , PUNCT cooler ADJ and CCONJ wet ADJ , PUNCT like ADP those PRON in ADP New PROPN Zealand PROPN , PUNCT Tasmania PROPN and CCONJ the DET north NOUN - PUNCT west NOUN of ADP the DET USA PROPN and CCONJ Canada PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Most most ADJ Degree=Sup 2 rainforests amod 2 rainforests rainforest NOUN Number=Plur 4 tropical nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 tropical cop 4 tropical tropical ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 equator punct 6 near near ADP _ 8 equator case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 equator det 8 equator equator NOUN Number=Sing 4 tropical obl 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 hot cc 10 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 8 equator amod 11 all all DET PronType=Tot 12 year det 12 year year NOUN Number=Sing 10 hot obl:unmarked 13 ; ; PUNCT _ 16 temperate punct 14 some some DET PronType=Ind 16 temperate nsubj 15 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 temperate cop 16 temperate temperate ADJ Degree=Pos 4 tropical conj 17 , , PUNCT _ 18 cooler punct 18 cooler cool ADJ Degree=Cmp 16 temperate conj 19 and and CCONJ _ 20 wet cc 20 wet wet ADJ Degree=Pos 18 cooler conj 21 , , PUNCT _ 23 those punct 22 like like ADP _ 23 those case 23 those that PRON Number=Plur PronType=Dem 16 temperate conj 24 in in ADP _ 26 Zealand case 25 New New PROPN Number=Sing 26 Zealand flat 26 Zealand Zealand PROPN Number=Sing 23 those nmod 27 , , PUNCT _ 28 Tasmania punct 28 Tasmania Tasmania PROPN Number=Sing 26 Zealand conj 29 and and CCONJ _ 33 west cc 30 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 33 west det 31 north north NOUN Number=Sing 33 west compound 32 - - PUNCT _ 31 north punct 33 west west NOUN Number=Sing 26 Zealand conj 34 of of ADP _ 36 USA case 35 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 36 USA det 36 USA USA PROPN Number=Sing 33 west nmod 37 and and CCONJ _ 38 Canada cc 38 Canada Canada PROPN Number=Sing 36 USA conj 39 . . PUNCT _ 4 tropical punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Most rainforests the equator tropical property tree rules 2 is present some temperate property tree rules 3 be some not said here tree rules
Example 1 The Amazon rainforest is the largest rainforest in the world.
det compound nsubj cop det amod case det nmod punct root The DET Amazon PROPN rainforest NOUN is AUX the DET largest ADJ rainforest NOUN in ADP the DET world NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 rainforest det 2 Amazon Amazon PROPN Number=Sing 3 rainforest compound 3 rainforest rainforest NOUN Number=Sing 7 rainforest nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 rainforest cop 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 rainforest det 6 largest large ADJ Degree=Sup 7 rainforest amod 7 rainforest rainforest NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 in in ADP _ 10 world case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 world det 10 world world NOUN Number=Sing 7 rainforest nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 rainforest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the Amazon rainforest the largest rainforest the world tree rules
Example 2 Sloths, toucans and jaguars live in the rainforest.
nsubj punct conj cc conj case det obl punct root Sloths NOUN , PUNCT toucans NOUN and CCONJ jaguars NOUN live VERB in ADP the DET rainforest NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sloths sloth NOUN Number=Plur 6 live nsubj 2 , , PUNCT _ 3 toucans punct 3 toucans toucan NOUN Number=Plur 1 Sloths conj 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 jaguars cc 5 jaguars jaguar NOUN Number=Plur 1 Sloths conj 6 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 in in ADP _ 9 rainforest case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 rainforest det 9 rainforest rainforest NOUN Number=Sing 6 live obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present Sloths and toucans and jaguars the rainforest vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in rainforest=Location
Example 3 It rains almost every afternoon in a tropical rainforest.
nsubj advmod det obl case det amod obl punct root It PRON rains VERB almost ADV every DET afternoon NOUN in ADP a DET tropical ADJ rainforest NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 rains nsubj 2 rains rain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 almost almost ADV _ 5 afternoon advmod 4 every every DET PronType=Tot 5 afternoon det 5 afternoon afternoon NOUN Number=Sing 2 rains obl 6 in in ADP _ 9 rainforest case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 rainforest det 8 tropical tropical ADJ Degree=Pos 9 rainforest amod 9 rainforest rainforest NOUN Number=Sing 2 rains obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 rains punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rain present It a tropical rainforest afternoon vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
Example 4 The canopy is the leafy roof of the rainforest.
det nsubj cop det amod case det nmod punct root The DET canopy NOUN is AUX the DET leafy ADJ roof NOUN of ADP the DET rainforest NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 canopy det 2 canopy canopy NOUN Number=Sing 6 roof nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 roof cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 roof det 5 leafy leafy ADJ Degree=Pos 6 roof amod 6 roof roof NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 9 rainforest case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 rainforest det 9 rainforest rainforest NOUN Number=Sing 6 roof nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 roof punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the canopy the leafy roof of the rainforest tree rules
Example 5 Very little sunlight reaches the rainforest floor.
advmod amod nsubj det compound obj punct root Very ADV little ADJ sunlight NOUN reaches VERB the DET rainforest NOUN floor NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Very very ADV _ 2 little advmod 2 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 sunlight amod 3 sunlight sunlight NOUN Number=Sing 4 reaches nsubj 4 reaches reach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 floor det 6 rainforest rainforest NOUN Number=Sing 7 floor compound 7 floor floor NOUN Number=Sing 4 reaches obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 reaches punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reach present little sunlight the rainforest floor vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent floor=Theme
Example 6 We made a model rainforest in a shoebox for our project.
nsubj det compound obj case det obl case nmod:poss nmod punct root We PRON made VERB a DET model NOUN rainforest NOUN in ADP a DET shoebox NOUN for ADP our PRON project NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 rainforest det 4 model model NOUN Number=Sing 5 rainforest compound 5 rainforest rainforest NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 shoebox case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 shoebox det 8 shoebox shoebox NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obl 9 for for ADP _ 11 project case 10 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 project nmod:poss 11 project project NOUN Number=Sing 8 shoebox nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past We a model rainforest a shoebox for our project vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rainforest=Product 2 project our nom project «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 Queensland in Australia has rainforests near the coast.
nsubj case nmod obj case det nmod punct root Queensland PROPN in ADP Australia PROPN has VERB rainforests NOUN near ADP the DET coast NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Queensland Queensland PROPN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 2 in in ADP _ 3 Australia case 3 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 1 Queensland nmod 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 rainforests rainforest NOUN Number=Plur 4 has obj 6 near near ADP _ 8 coast case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 coast det 8 coast coast NOUN Number=Sing 5 rainforests nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Queensland in Australia rainforests the coast vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rainforest=Patient
Example 8 Cutting down rainforests destroys the homes of many animals.
csubj compound:prt obj det obj case amod nmod punct root Cutting VERB down ADP rainforests NOUN destroys VERB the DET homes NOUN of ADP many ADJ animals NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cutting cut VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 destroys csubj 2 down down ADP _ 1 Cutting compound:prt 3 rainforests rainforest NOUN Number=Plur 1 Cutting obj 4 destroys destroy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 homes det 6 homes home NOUN Number=Plur 4 destroys obj 7 of of ADP _ 9 animals case 8 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 9 animals amod 9 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 6 homes nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 destroys punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut down gerund rainforests vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset rainforest=Product 2 destroy present Cutting the homes of many animals vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent home=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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