ramp Who acts: sloping surface, you, school, We, steeper ramp, car · What happens: slope, join, use, ramp up, mean, ramp · To what, where: lower place, increase, old use, violent way, speed, ramp · Speech: someone speaks here
«ramp» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ramp in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A sloping surface that joins a lower place and a higher place, used instead of steps.
The tree, 16 words det amod nsubj acl:relcl det amod obj cc det amod conj punct acl case fixed obl punct root A DET sloping VERB surface NOUN that PRON joins VERB a DET lower ADJ place NOUN and CCONJ a DET higher ADJ place NOUN , PUNCT used VERB instead ADV of ADP steps NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 surface det 2 sloping slope VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 surface amod 3 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 that that PRON PronType=Rel 5 joins nsubj 5 joins join VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 surface acl:relcl 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 place det 7 lower low ADJ Degree=Cmp 8 place amod 8 place place NOUN Number=Sing 5 joins obj 9 and and CCONJ _ 12 place cc 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 place det 11 higher high ADJ Degree=Cmp 12 place amod 12 place place NOUN Number=Sing 8 place conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 used punct 14 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 place acl 15 instead instead ADV ExtPos=ADP 17 steps case 16 of of ADP _ 15 instead fixed 17 steps step NOUN Number=Plur 14 used obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 3 surface punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 slope gerund vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 join present a sloping surface a lower place and a higher place vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Patient 3 use participle a lower place and a higher place not said here instead steps vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 "Ramp up" means increase.
punct nsubj compound:prt punct obj punct root " PUNCT Ramp VERB up ADP " PUNCT means VERB increase NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Ramp punct 2 Ramp ramp VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 means nsubj 3 up up ADP _ 2 Ramp compound:prt 4 " " PUNCT _ 2 Ramp punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 increase increase NOUN Number=Sing 5 means obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ramp up in a quote infinitive tree rules 2 mean present increase vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent increase=Topic
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"ramp up the speed".
punct compound:prt det obj punct punct root " PUNCT ramp VERB up ADP the DET speed NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 ramp punct 2 ramp ramp VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 ramp compound:prt 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 speed det 5 speed speed NOUN Number=Sing 2 ramp obj 6 " " PUNCT _ 2 ramp punct 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 ramp punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ramp up in a quote imperative you not said here the speed tree rules
Meaning 3 In old use, to ramp means to rage about wildly and behave in a violent way.
The tree, 16 words case amod obl punct mark csubj mark xcomp advmod advmod cc conj case det amod obl punct root In ADP old ADJ use NOUN , PUNCT to PART ramp VERB means VERB to PART rage VERB about ADV wildly ADV and CCONJ behave VERB in ADP a DET violent ADJ way NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 use case 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 use amod 3 use use NOUN Number=Sing 7 means obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 use punct 5 to to PART _ 6 ramp mark 6 ramp ramp VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 means csubj 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 to to PART _ 9 rage mark 9 rage rage VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 means xcomp 10 about about ADV _ 11 wildly advmod 11 wildly wildly ADV _ 9 rage advmod 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 behave cc 13 behave behave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 rage conj 14 in in ADP _ 17 way case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 way det 16 violent violent ADJ Degree=Pos 17 way amod 17 way way NOUN Number=Sing 13 behave obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ramp to-infinitive tree rules 2 mean present old use vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 rage not said to happen to-infinitive wildly property vn entity_specific_modes_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 behave present a violent way vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The school has a ramp for wheelchairs.
det nsubj det obj case nmod punct root The DET school NOUN has VERB a DET ramp NOUN for ADP wheelchairs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 school det 2 school school NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 ramp det 5 ramp ramp NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 6 for for ADP _ 7 wheelchairs case 7 wheelchairs wheelchair NOUN Number=Plur 5 ramp nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the school a ramp for wheelchairs vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ramp=Patient
Example 2 We rolled toy cars down a ramp in science.
nsubj compound obj case det obl case nmod punct root We PRON rolled VERB toy NOUN cars NOUN down ADP a DET ramp NOUN in ADP science NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 rolled nsubj 2 rolled roll VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 toy toy NOUN Number=Sing 4 cars compound 4 cars car NOUN Number=Plur 2 rolled obj 5 down down ADP _ 7 ramp case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 ramp det 7 ramp ramp NOUN Number=Sing 2 rolled obl 8 in in ADP _ 9 science case 9 science science NOUN Number=Sing 7 ramp nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 rolled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 roll past We toy cars a ramp in science vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent car=Theme down ramp=Trajectory
Example 3 A steeper ramp makes the car go faster.
det amod nsubj det obj xcomp advmod punct root A DET steeper ADJ ramp NOUN makes VERB the DET car NOUN go VERB faster ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 ramp det 2 steeper steep ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 ramp amod 3 ramp ramp NOUN Number=Sing 4 makes nsubj 4 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 car det 6 car car NOUN Number=Sing 4 makes obj 7 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 makes xcomp 8 faster fast ADV Degree=Cmp 7 go advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present a steeper ramp the car tree rules 2 go infinitive the car not said here fast property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 He skated down the ramp wearing a helmet.
nsubj compound:prt det obj acl det obj punct root He PRON skated VERB down ADP the DET ramp NOUN wearing VERB a DET helmet NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 skated nsubj 2 skated skate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 down down ADP _ 2 skated compound:prt 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 ramp det 5 ramp ramp NOUN Number=Sing 2 skated obj 6 wearing wear VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 ramp acl 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 helmet det 8 helmet helmet NOUN Number=Sing 6 wearing obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 skated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 skate down past He the ramp vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme ramp=Location 2 wear gerund the ramp not said here a helmet vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme
Example 5 Push the pram up the ramp.
det obj compound:prt det obl punct root Push VERB the DET pram NOUN up ADP the DET ramp NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Push push VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 pram det 3 pram pram NOUN Number=Sing 1 Push obj 4 up up ADP _ 1 Push compound:prt 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 ramp det 6 ramp ramp NOUN Number=Sing 1 Push obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Push punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 push up imperative you not said here the pram the ramp obl vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pram=Theme
Example 6 The company ramped up production.
det acl compound:prt compound punct root The DET company NOUN ramped VERB up ADP production NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 company det 2 company company NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 ramped ramp VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 company acl 4 up up ADP _ 3 ramped compound:prt 5 production production NOUN Number=Sing 3 ramped compound 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 company punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ramp up participle the company not said here tree rules
Example 7 They were all very anxious to know what had happened, but he rushed off and locked himself into a room, where he ramped and raved until he was tired.
The tree, 29 words nsubj cop advmod advmod mark csubj nsubj aux ccomp punct cc nsubj parataxis compound:prt cc conj obj case det obl punct advmod nsubj acl:relcl cc conj mark nsubj cop ccomp punct root They PRON were AUX all ADV very ADV anxious ADJ to PART know VERB what PRON had AUX happened VERB , PUNCT but CCONJ he PRON rushed VERB off ADP and CCONJ locked VERB himself PRON into ADP a DET room NOUN , PUNCT where ADV he PRON ramped VERB and CCONJ raved VERB until SCONJ he PRON was AUX tired ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 anxious nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 anxious cop 3 all all ADV _ 5 anxious advmod 4 very very ADV _ 5 anxious advmod 5 anxious anxious ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 to to PART _ 7 know mark 7 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 anxious csubj 8 what what PRON PronType=Int 10 happened nsubj 9 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 happened aux 10 happened happen VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 7 know ccomp 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 rushed punct 12 but but CCONJ _ 14 rushed cc 13 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 rushed nsubj 14 rushed rush VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 anxious parataxis 15 off off ADP _ 14 rushed compound:prt 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 locked cc 17 locked lock VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 14 rushed conj 18 himself himself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 17 locked obj 19 into into ADP _ 21 room case 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 room det 21 room room NOUN Number=Sing 17 locked obl 22 , , PUNCT _ 25 ramped punct 23 where where ADV PronType=Rel 25 ramped advmod 24 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 25 ramped nsubj 25 ramped ramp VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 21 room acl:relcl 26 and and CCONJ _ 27 raved cc 27 raved rave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 25 ramped conj 28 until until SCONJ _ 31 tired mark 29 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 31 tired nsubj 30 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 31 tired cop 31 tired tired ADJ Degree=Pos 27 raved ccomp 32 . . PUNCT _ 5 anxious punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past They all, anxious property tree rules 2 know to-infinitive vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 3 happen past · perfect vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 rush off past he vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 lock past he not said here himself = he a room vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Patient 6 ramp past he tree rules 7 rave speech: other past he not said here vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 8 is past he tired property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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