read Who acts: words, thermometer, read, time, you, question · What happens: read, be, write, understand, say, show · To what, where: written words, clock, time, reading, whole problem, question · Speech: someone speaks here
«read» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: read in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To read is to look at written words and understand what they say.
mark advcl cop mark case amod obl cc conj obj nsubj ccomp punct root To PART read VERB is AUX to PART look VERB at ADP written VERB words NOUN and CCONJ understand VERB what PRON they PRON say VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 read mark 2 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 look advcl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 look cop 4 to to PART _ 5 look mark 5 look look VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 at at ADP _ 8 words case 7 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 words amod 8 words word NOUN Number=Plur 5 look obl 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 understand cc 10 understand understand VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 look conj 11 what what PRON PronType=Int 13 say obj 12 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 say nsubj 13 say say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 understand ccomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read to-infinitive vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present written words look property tree rules 3 write participle vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 understand infinitive vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 5 say speech: assert present words = word vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To read aloud is to say the words out loud for others.
mark advcl advmod cop mark det obj advmod advmod case obl punct root To PART read VERB aloud ADV is AUX to PART say VERB the DET words NOUN out ADV loud ADV for ADP others NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 read mark 2 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 say advcl 3 aloud aloud ADV _ 2 read advmod 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 say cop 5 to to PART _ 6 say mark 6 say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 words det 8 words word NOUN Number=Plur 6 say obj 9 out out ADV _ 10 loud advmod 10 loud loud ADV _ 6 say advmod 11 for for ADP _ 12 others case 12 others other NOUN Number=Plur 6 say obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read to-infinitive aloud property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present for others; loud, say property tree rules
Meaning 3 To read a clock, a map or a thermometer is to understand what it shows.
The tree, 15 words mark advcl det obj punct det conj cc det conj cop mark obj nsubj ccomp punct root To PART read VERB a DET clock NOUN , PUNCT a DET map NOUN or CCONJ a DET thermometer NOUN is AUX to PART understand VERB what PRON it PRON shows VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 read mark 2 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 understand advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 clock det 4 clock clock NOUN Number=Sing 2 read obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 map punct 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 map det 7 map map NOUN Number=Sing 4 clock conj 8 or or CCONJ _ 10 thermometer cc 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 thermometer det 10 thermometer thermometer NOUN Number=Sing 4 clock conj 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 understand cop 12 to to PART _ 13 understand mark 13 understand understand VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 14 what what PRON PronType=Int 16 shows obj 15 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 shows nsubj 16 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 understand ccomp 17 . . PUNCT _ 13 understand punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read to-infinitive a clock and a map or a thermometer vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clock=Topic 2 is present understand property tree rules 3 show present thermometer vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient
Meaning 4 A read is a time spent reading: a good read.
det nsubj cop det acl obj punct det amod parataxis punct root A DET read NOUN is AUX a DET time NOUN spent VERB reading NOUN : PUNCT a DET good ADJ read NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 read det 2 read read NOUN Number=Sing 5 time nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 time cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 time det 5 time time NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 spent spend VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 5 time acl 7 reading reading NOUN Number=Sing 6 spent obj 8 : : PUNCT _ 11 read punct 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 read det 10 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 11 read amod 11 read read NOUN Number=Sing 5 time parataxis 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 time punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a read a time tree rules 2 spend participle a time not said here reading vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reading=Asset
Example 1 Read the whole problem first, then choose.
det amod obj advmod punct advmod conj punct root Read VERB the DET whole ADJ problem NOUN first ADV , PUNCT then ADV choose VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Read read VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 problem det 3 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 4 problem amod 4 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 1 Read obj 5 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 1 Read advmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 choose punct 7 then then ADV PronType=Dem 8 choose advmod 8 choose choose VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Read conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read imperative you not said here the whole problem first property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Topic 2 choose infinitive you not said here then vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 2 Read the question again: what does it ask for?
det obj advmod punct obj aux nsubj conj obl punct root Read VERB the DET question NOUN again ADV : PUNCT what PRON does AUX it PRON ask VERB for ADP ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Read read VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 question det 3 question question NOUN Number=Sing 1 Read obj 4 again again ADV _ 1 Read advmod 5 : : PUNCT _ 9 ask punct 6 what what PRON PronType=Int 9 ask obj 7 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 ask aux 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 ask nsubj 9 ask ask VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Read conj 10 for for ADP _ 9 ask obl 11 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 Read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read imperative you not said here the question again vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent question=Topic 2 ask speech: ask present · do-support question vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient
Example 3 Mia read 12 pages on Monday and 9 pages on Tuesday.
nsubj nummod obj case obl cc nummod conj case obl punct root Mia PROPN read VERB 12 NUM pages NOUN on ADP Monday PROPN and CCONJ 9 NUM pages NOUN on ADP Tuesday PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mia Mia PROPN Number=Sing 2 read nsubj 2 read read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 pages nummod 4 pages page NOUN Number=Plur 2 read obj 5 on on ADP _ 6 Monday case 6 Monday Monday PROPN Number=Sing 2 read obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 9 pages cc 8 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 pages nummod 9 pages page NOUN Number=Plur 6 Monday conj 10 on on ADP _ 11 Tuesday case 11 Tuesday Tuesday PROPN Number=Sing 2 read obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read past Mia 12 pages monday; tuesday vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent page=Topic
Example 4 Ben has read 15 of the 40 pages in his book.
nsubj aux obj case det nummod nmod case nmod:poss nmod punct root Ben PROPN has AUX read VERB 15 NUM of ADP the DET 40 NUM pages NOUN in ADP his PRON book NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ben Ben PROPN Number=Sing 3 read nsubj 2 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 read aux 3 read read VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 15 15 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 read obj 5 of of ADP _ 8 pages case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 pages det 7 40 40 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 pages nummod 8 pages page NOUN Number=Plur 4 15 nmod 9 in in ADP _ 11 book case 10 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 book nmod:poss 11 book book NOUN Number=Sing 8 pages nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read present · perfect Ben 15 of the 40 pages in Ben's book vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 15=Topic
Example 5 Dad reads me a story every night.
nsubj obj det obj det obl:unmarked punct root Dad NOUN reads VERB me PRON a DET story NOUN every DET night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 reads nsubj 2 reads read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 reads obj 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 story det 5 story story NOUN Number=Sing 2 reads obj 6 every every DET PronType=Tot 7 night det 7 night night NOUN Number=Sing 2 reads obl:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 reads punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read present Dad a story me night vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient story=Topic
Example 6 Can you read the time on the clock?
aux nsubj det obj case det nmod punct root Can AUX you PRON read VERB the DET time NOUN on ADP the DET clock NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 read aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 read nsubj 3 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 time det 5 time time NOUN Number=Sing 3 read obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 clock case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 clock det 8 clock clock NOUN Number=Sing 5 time nmod 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read can you time vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 I read the label to check for nuts.
nsubj det obj mark advcl case obl punct root I PRON read VERB the DET label NOUN to PART check VERB for ADP nuts NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 read nsubj 2 read read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 label det 4 label label NOUN Number=Sing 2 read obj 5 to to PART _ 6 check mark 6 check check VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 read advcl 7 for for ADP _ 8 nuts case 8 nuts nut NOUN Number=Plur 6 check obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read past I the label vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent label=Topic 2 check to-infinitive I not said here for nuts vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent for nut=Attribute
Example 8 That book was a great read.
det nsubj cop det amod punct root That DET book NOUN was AUX a DET great ADJ read NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 That that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 book det 2 book book NOUN Number=Sing 6 read nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 read cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 read det 5 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 6 read amod 6 read read NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past that book a great read tree rules
Example 9 "You are learned, and can read."
punct nsubj aux:pass punct cc aux advcl punct punct root " PUNCT You PRON are AUX learned VERB , PUNCT and CCONJ can AUX read VERB . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 learned punct 2 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 learned nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 learned aux:pass 4 learned learn VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 read punct 6 and and CCONJ _ 8 read cc 7 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 read aux 8 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 learned advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 learned punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 4 learned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn in a quote present · passive You vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic 2 read in a quote can vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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