redshift
Who acts: galaxy, light, It, universe, Redshift, galaxies · What happens: move away, be, look, shift, expand, tell · To what, where: Redshift, redder, evidence, us, sound, longer waves · Speech: someone speaks here
«redshift» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: redshift in the school dictionary.
Meaning 1
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
Redshift is when light from a star or galaxy moving away from us is stretched so it looks redder, shifting towards the red end of the rainbow.
The tree, 27 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Redshift | redshift | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 stretched | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 stretched | cop |
| 3 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 15 stretched | mark |
| 4 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 stretched | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 star | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 star | det |
| 7 | star | star | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 light | nmod |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 9 galaxy | cc |
| 9 | galaxy | galaxy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 star | conj |
| 10 | moving | move | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 galaxy | acl |
| 11 | away | away | ADV | _ | 10 moving | advmod |
| 12 | from | from | ADP | _ | 13 us | case |
| 13 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 10 moving | obl |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 stretched | aux:pass |
| 15 | stretched | stretch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 16 | so | so | ADV | _ | 18 looks | advmod |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 looks | nsubj |
| 18 | looks | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 stretched | ccomp |
| 19 | redder | redder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 looks | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 shifting | punct |
| 21 | shifting | shift | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 looks | advcl |
| 22 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 25 end | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 end | det |
| 24 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 end | amod |
| 25 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 shifting | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 rainbow | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 rainbow | det |
| 28 | rainbow | rainbow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 end | nmod |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 stretched | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | move away | gerund | galaxy not said here | from us; away property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme from we=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | is | present · passive | Redshift | stretch property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | look | present | light | redder | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme redder=Attribute | ||||
| 4 | shift | gerund | light not said here | towards the red end of the rainbow | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2
It is evidence that the universe is expanding.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 evidence | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 evidence | cop |
| 3 | evidence | evidence | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 expanding | mark |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 universe | det |
| 6 | universe | universe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 expanding | nsubj |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 expanding | aux |
| 8 | expanding | expand | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 evidence | acl |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 evidence | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | It | evidence | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | expand | present · progressive | the universe | evidence not said here | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent evidence=Patient |
Example 1
Redshift tells us galaxies are moving away.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Redshift | redshift | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 tells | nsubj |
| 2 | tells | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 tells | iobj |
| 4 | galaxies | galaxy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 moving | nsubj |
| 5 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 moving | aux |
| 6 | moving | move | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 tells | ccomp |
| 7 | away | away | ADV | _ | 6 moving | advmod |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 tells | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | present | Redshift | us | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | move away | present · progressive | galaxies | away property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
Example 2
The further away a galaxy, the bigger its redshift.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 further | det |
| 2 | further | far | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 3 away | advmod |
| 3 | away | away | ADV | _ | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 galaxy | det |
| 5 | galaxy | galaxy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 away | nsubj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 bigger | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 bigger | det |
| 8 | bigger | big | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 5 galaxy | amod |
| 9 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 redshift | nmod:poss |
| 10 | redshift | redshift | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 bigger | nsubj |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 away | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 3
Scientists measured the redshift of the light.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 measured | nsubj |
| 2 | measured | measure | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 redshift | det |
| 4 | redshift | redshift | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 measured | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 light | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 light | det |
| 7 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 redshift | nmod |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 measured | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | measure | past | Scientists | the redshift of the light | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme redshift=Value |
Example 4
Redshift is like the change in a passing siren's sound, but for light.
The tree, 14 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Redshift | redshift | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 change | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 change | cop |
| 3 | like | like | ADP | _ | 5 change | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 change | det |
| 5 | change | change | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 sound | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 siren | det |
| 8 | passing | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 siren | amod |
| 9 | siren | siren | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 sound | nmod:poss |
| 10 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 9 siren | case |
| 11 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 change | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 light | punct |
| 13 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 15 light | cc |
| 14 | for | for | ADP | _ | 15 light | case |
| 15 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 change | conj |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 change | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Redshift | a passing siren's sound | like the change but light | tree rules | |||
| 2 | pass | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Example 5
Redshift helped scientists discover that the universe is getting bigger.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Redshift | Redshift | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 helped | nsubj |
| 2 | helped | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 discover | nsubj |
| 4 | discover | discover | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 helped | ccomp |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 getting | mark |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 universe | det |
| 7 | universe | universe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 getting | nsubj |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 getting | aux |
| 9 | getting | get | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 discover | advcl |
| 10 | bigger | big | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 9 getting | xcomp |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 helped | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | help | past | Redshift | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | discover | present | scientists | vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S_ING»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | get | present · progressive | the universe | big property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
Example 6
Red light has longer waves, so redshift means stretched waves.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 light | amod |
| 2 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 has | nsubj |
| 3 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | longer | long | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 5 waves | amod |
| 5 | waves | wave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 has | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 means | punct |
| 7 | so | so | ADV | _ | 9 means | advmod |
| 8 | redshift | redshift | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 means | nsubj |
| 9 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 has | parataxis |
| 10 | stretched | stretch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 waves | amod |
| 11 | waves | wave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 means | obj |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 has | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Red light | longer waves | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wave=Patient | ||||
| 2 | mean | present | redshift | stretched waves | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wave=Topic | ||||
| 3 | stretch | participle | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/redshift/