reduce Who acts: sauce, you, shop, We, Wearing, sad film · What happens: reduce, be, become, bring, mean, write down · To what, where: something, price, cooking, worse state, tears, it · Speech: someone speaks here
«reduce» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: reduce in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To reduce something is to make it smaller in size, amount, number or strength.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj obj cop mark obj xcomp case obl punct appos punct appos cc conj punct root To PART reduce VERB something PRON is AUX to PART make VERB it PRON smaller ADJ in ADP size NOUN , PUNCT amount NOUN , PUNCT number NOUN or CCONJ strength NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 reduce mark 2 reduce reduce VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 make csubj 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 reduce obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 make cop 5 to to PART _ 6 make mark 6 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 make obj 8 smaller small ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 make xcomp 9 in in ADP _ 10 size case 10 size size NOUN Number=Sing 8 smaller obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 amount punct 12 amount amount NOUN Number=Sing 10 size appos 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 number punct 14 number number NOUN Number=Sing 12 amount appos 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 strength cc 16 strength strength NOUN Number=Sing 14 number conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reduce to-infinitive something vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer something=Patient 2 is present make, small property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To reduce a price is to make it cheaper.
mark advcl det obj cop mark obj xcomp punct root To PART reduce VERB a DET price NOUN is AUX to PART make VERB it PRON cheaper ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 reduce mark 2 reduce reduce VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 make advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 price det 4 price price NOUN Number=Sing 2 reduce obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 make cop 6 to to PART _ 7 make mark 7 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 make obj 9 cheaper cheap ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 make xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reduce to-infinitive a price vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer price=Patient 2 is present cheap, make property tree rules
Meaning 3 In cooking, to reduce a sauce is to boil it so it becomes thicker and smaller in amount.
The tree, 18 words case obl punct mark det nsubj cop mark ccomp obj advmod nsubj advcl xcomp cc conj case obl punct root In ADP cooking NOUN , PUNCT to PART reduce VERB a DET sauce NOUN is AUX to PART boil VERB it PRON so ADV it PRON becomes VERB thicker ADJ and CCONJ smaller ADJ in ADP amount NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 cooking case 2 cooking cooking NOUN Number=Sing 5 reduce obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 reduce punct 4 to to PART _ 5 reduce mark 5 reduce reduce VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 sauce det 7 sauce sauce NOUN Number=Sing 10 boil nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 boil cop 9 to to PART _ 10 boil mark 10 boil boil VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 reduce ccomp 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 boil obj 12 so so ADV _ 14 becomes advmod 13 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 becomes nsubj 14 becomes become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 reduce advcl 15 thicker thick ADJ Degree=Cmp 14 becomes xcomp 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 smaller cc 17 smaller small ADJ Degree=Cmp 15 thicker conj 18 in in ADP _ 19 amount case 19 amount amount NOUN Number=Sing 17 smaller obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 reduce punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reduce to-infinitive cooking vn limit-76 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Causer clause=Goal 2 is present a sauce boil property tree rules 3 become present sauce thick property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
Meaning 4 To be reduced to something is to be brought to a worse state, such as being reduced to tears.
The tree, 19 words mark aux:pass case obl cop mark aux:pass acl case det amod obl punct mark fixed aux:pass acl case obl punct root To PART be AUX reduced VERB to ADP something PRON is AUX to PART be AUX brought VERB to ADP a DET worse ADJ state NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP being AUX reduced VERB to ADP tears NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 3 reduced mark 2 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 3 reduced aux:pass 3 reduced reduce VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 to to ADP _ 5 something case 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 reduced obl 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 something cop 7 to to PART _ 9 brought mark 8 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 9 brought aux:pass 9 brought bring VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 something acl 10 to to ADP _ 13 state case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 state det 12 worse bad ADJ Degree=Cmp 13 state amod 13 state state NOUN Number=Sing 9 brought obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 18 reduced punct 15 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=SCONJ 18 reduced mark 16 as as ADP _ 15 such fixed 17 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 18 reduced aux:pass 18 reduced reduce VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 state acl 19 to to ADP _ 20 tears case 20 tears tear NOUN Number=Plur 18 reduced obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 3 reduced punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reduce to-infinitive · passive vn limit-76 «NP V NP» 2 is present to something tree rules 3 bring to-infinitive · passive a worse state vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: to state=Destination 4 reduce gerund · passive a worse state not said here to tears goal vn limit-76 «NP V NP S_ING»: to tear=Goal
Meaning 5 To reduce something can mean to write it down in a simpler, standard form.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj obj aux mark xcomp obj compound:prt case det amod punct amod obl punct root To PART reduce VERB something PRON can AUX mean VERB to PART write VERB it PRON down ADP in ADP a DET simpler ADJ , PUNCT standard ADJ form NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 reduce mark 2 reduce reduce VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 mean csubj 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 reduce obj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 mean aux 5 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 to to PART _ 7 write mark 7 write write VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 mean xcomp 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 write obj 9 down down ADP _ 7 write compound:prt 10 in in ADP _ 15 form case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 form det 12 simpler simple ADJ Degree=Cmp 15 form amod 13 , , PUNCT _ 12 simpler punct 14 standard standard ADJ Degree=Pos 15 form amod 15 form form NOUN Number=Sing 7 write obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reduce to-infinitive something vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer something=Patient 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 write down not said to happen to-infinitive it a simpler standard form vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme in form=Destination
Example 1 Reduce 20 by 5 and you get 15.
obj case obl cc nsubj conj obj punct root Reduce VERB 20 NUM by ADP 5 NUM and CCONJ you PRON get VERB 15 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Reduce reduce VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 1 Reduce obj 3 by by ADP _ 4 5 case 4 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 1 Reduce obl 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 get cc 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 get nsubj 7 get get VERB Mood=Ind Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Reduce conj 8 15 15 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 get obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Reduce punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reduce imperative you not said here 20 by 5 vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer 20=Patient 2 get present you 15 vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer 15=Stimulus
Example 2 The shop reduced the price of the shoes.
det nsubj det obj case det nmod punct root The DET shop NOUN reduced VERB the DET price NOUN of ADP the DET shoes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shop det 2 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 3 reduced nsubj 3 reduced reduce VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 price det 5 price price NOUN Number=Sing 3 reduced obj 6 of of ADP _ 8 shoes case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 shoes det 8 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 5 price nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 reduced punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reduce past the shop the price of the shoes vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer price=Patient
Example 3 We can reduce waste by using a lunchbox.
nsubj aux obj mark advcl det obj punct root We PRON can AUX reduce VERB waste NOUN by SCONJ using VERB a DET lunchbox NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 reduce nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 reduce aux 3 reduce reduce VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 waste waste NOUN Number=Sing 3 reduce obj 5 by by SCONJ _ 6 using mark 6 using use VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 reduce advcl 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 lunchbox det 8 lunchbox lunchbox NOUN Number=Sing 6 using obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 reduce punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reduce can We waste vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer waste=Patient 2 use gerund We not said here a lunchbox vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lunchbox=Patient
Example 4 Reduce speed near schools.
obj case obl punct root Reduce VERB speed NOUN near ADP schools NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Reduce reduce VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 speed speed NOUN Number=Sing 1 Reduce obj 3 near near ADP _ 4 schools case 4 schools school NOUN Number=Plur 1 Reduce obl 5 . . PUNCT _ 1 Reduce punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reduce imperative you not said here speed schools vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer speed=Patient
Example 5 Wearing a helmet reduces the risk of head injury.
csubj det obj det obj case compound nmod punct root Wearing VERB a DET helmet NOUN reduces VERB the DET risk NOUN of ADP head NOUN injury NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wearing wear VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 reduces csubj 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 helmet det 3 helmet helmet NOUN Number=Sing 1 Wearing obj 4 reduces reduce VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 risk det 6 risk risk NOUN Number=Sing 4 reduces obj 7 of of ADP _ 9 injury case 8 head head NOUN Number=Sing 9 injury compound 9 injury injury NOUN Number=Sing 6 risk nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 reduces punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear gerund a helmet vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme 2 reduce present Wearing the risk of head injury vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer risk=Patient 3 risk head injury nom risk «state transitive»: of=patient
Example 6 Reduce the fraction 4/8 to 1/2.
det obj flat case nmod punct root Reduce VERB the DET fraction NOUN 4/8 NUM to ADP 1/2 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Reduce reduce VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 fraction det 3 fraction fraction NOUN Number=Sing 1 Reduce obj 4 4/8 4/8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 fraction flat 5 to to ADP _ 6 1/2 case 6 1/2 1/2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 4/8 nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Reduce punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reduce imperative you not said here the fraction vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer fraction=Patient
Example 7 Cook the sauce until it reduces.
det obj mark nsubj advcl punct root Cook VERB the DET sauce NOUN until SCONJ it PRON reduces VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cook cook VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 sauce det 3 sauce sauce NOUN Number=Sing 1 Cook obj 4 until until SCONJ _ 6 reduces mark 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 reduces nsubj 6 reduces reduce VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Cook advcl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Cook punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cook imperative you not said here the sauce vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sauce=Patient 2 reduce present sauce vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer
Example 8 The sad film reduced me to tears.
det amod nsubj obj case obl punct root The DET sad ADJ film NOUN reduced VERB me PRON to ADP tears NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 film det 2 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 3 film amod 3 film film NOUN Number=Sing 4 reduced nsubj 4 reduced reduce VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 reduced obj 6 to to ADP _ 7 tears case 7 tears tear NOUN Number=Plur 4 reduced obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 reduced punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reduce past the sad film me to tears goal vn limit-76 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer i=Patient to tear=Goal
Example 9 I have reduced the Suffolk dialect.
nsubj aux det compound obj punct root I PRON have AUX reduced VERB the DET Suffolk PROPN dialect NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 reduced nsubj 2 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 reduced aux 3 reduced reduce VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 dialect det 5 Suffolk Suffolk PROPN Number=Sing 6 dialect compound 6 dialect dialect NOUN Number=Sing 3 reduced obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 reduced punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reduce present · perfect I the Suffolk dialect vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer dialect=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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