ref Who acts: ref, players, referee, reference, person, That · What happens: be, make, follow, ref, mean, referee · To what, where: referee, rules, games, game, short form, number · Speech: someone speaks here
«ref» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ref in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
A ref is a referee, the official who makes sure players follow the rules in games like football, rugby, boxing and basketball.
The tree, 22 words det nsubj cop det punct det appos nsubj conj xcomp nsubj ccomp det obj case obl case nmod punct conj punct conj cc conj punct root A DET ref NOUN is AUX a DET referee NOUN , PUNCT the DET official ADJ who PRON makes VERB sure ADJ players NOUN follow VERB the DET rules NOUN in ADP games NOUN like ADP football NOUN , PUNCT rugby NOUN , PUNCT boxing NOUN and CCONJ basketball NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ref det 2 ref ref NOUN Number=Sing 5 referee nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 referee cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 referee det 5 referee referee NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 official punct 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 official det 8 official official ADJ Degree=Pos 5 referee appos 9 who who PRON PronType=Rel 10 makes nsubj 10 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 official conj 11 sure sure ADJ Degree=Pos 10 makes xcomp 12 players player NOUN Number=Plur 13 follow nsubj 13 follow follow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 sure ccomp 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 rules det 15 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 13 follow obj 16 in in ADP _ 17 games case 17 games game NOUN Number=Plur 13 follow obl 18 like like ADP _ 19 football case 19 football football NOUN Number=Sing 17 games nmod 20 , , PUNCT _ 21 rugby punct 21 rugby rugby NOUN Number=Sing 19 football conj 22 , , PUNCT _ 23 boxing punct 23 boxing boxing NOUN Number=Sing 19 football conj 24 and and CCONJ _ 25 basketball cc 25 basketball basketball NOUN Number=Sing 19 football conj 26 . . PUNCT _ 5 referee punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a ref a referee tree rules 2 make present sure property vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 follow present players the rules games like football and rugby and boxing and basketball vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent rule=Theme in game=Trajectory
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: informal, verb — kept apart, not parsed.
To ref a game means to referee it.
mark csubj det obj mark obj nsubj punct root To PART ref VERB a DET game NOUN means VERB to PART referee NOUN it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 ref mark 2 ref ref VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means csubj 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 game det 4 game game NOUN Number=Sing 2 ref obj 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to PART _ 7 referee mark 7 referee referee NOUN Number=Sing 5 means obj 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 referee nsubj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ref to-infinitive a game tree rules 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 3 referee referee tree rules
Meaning 3 Ref is a short form of reference: a number or code used to find a letter, order or document ("Ref: 4471"), or a reference that says what a person is like.
The tree, 31 words nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct det conj cc conj acl mark advcl det obj punct conj cc conj punct punct appos punct appos punct punct punct cc det appos nsubj acl:relcl obj det nsubj cop ccomp punct root Ref NOUN is AUX a DET short ADJ form NOUN of ADP reference NOUN : PUNCT a DET number NOUN or CCONJ code NOUN used VERB to PART find VERB a DET letter NOUN , PUNCT order NOUN or CCONJ document NOUN ( PUNCT " PUNCT Ref NOUN : PUNCT 4471 NUM " PUNCT ) PUNCT , PUNCT or CCONJ a DET reference NOUN that PRON says VERB what PRON a DET person NOUN is AUX like ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ref ref NOUN Number=Sing 5 form nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 form cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 form det 4 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 5 form amod 5 form form NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 reference case 7 reference reference NOUN Number=Sing 5 form nmod 8 : : PUNCT _ 10 number punct 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 number det 10 number number NOUN Number=Sing 5 form conj 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 code cc 12 code code NOUN Number=Sing 10 number conj 13 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 number acl 14 to to PART _ 15 find mark 15 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 used advcl 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 letter det 17 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 15 find obj 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 order punct 19 order order NOUN Number=Sing 17 letter conj 20 or or CCONJ _ 21 document cc 21 document document NOUN Number=Sing 17 letter conj 22 ( ( PUNCT _ 24 Ref punct 23 " " PUNCT _ 24 Ref punct 24 Ref ref NOUN Number=Sing 21 document appos 25 : : PUNCT _ 26 4471 punct 26 4471 4471 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 24 Ref appos 27 " " PUNCT _ 26 4471 punct 28 ) ) PUNCT _ 24 Ref punct 29 , , PUNCT _ 32 reference punct 30 or or CCONJ _ 32 reference cc 31 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 32 reference det 32 reference reference NOUN Number=Sing 17 letter appos 33 that that PRON PronType=Rel 34 says nsubj 34 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 32 reference acl:relcl 35 what what PRON PronType=Int 39 like obj 36 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 37 person det 37 person person NOUN Number=Sing 39 like nsubj 38 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 39 like cop 39 like like ADJ Degree=Pos 34 says ccomp 40 . . PUNCT _ 5 form punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Ref a short form and a number or code of reference tree rules 2 use participle a number or code not said here vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 find to-infinitive a letter and order or document vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Topic 4 say speech: assert present a reference vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 5 is present a person like property tree rules
Example 1 The ref blew his whistle for half-time.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj case compound punct obl punct root The DET ref NOUN blew VERB his PRON whistle NOUN for ADP half NOUN - PUNCT time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ref det 2 ref ref NOUN Number=Sing 3 blew nsubj 3 blew blow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 whistle nmod:poss 5 whistle whistle NOUN Number=Sing 3 blew obj 6 for for ADP _ 9 time case 7 half half NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 9 time compound 8 - - PUNCT _ 7 half punct 9 time time NOUN Number=Sing 3 blew obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 blew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 blow past the ref ref's whistle time vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent whistle=Patient 2 whistle ref nom whistle «event intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 2 "That was a foul, ref!"
punct nsubj cop det punct conj punct punct root " PUNCT That PRON was AUX a DET foul NOUN , PUNCT ref NOUN ! PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 5 foul punct 2 That that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 foul nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 foul cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 foul det 5 foul foul NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 ref punct 7 ref ref NOUN Number=Sing 5 foul conj 8 ! ! PUNCT _ 5 foul punct 9 " " PUNCT _ 5 foul punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a in a quote past That a foul and ref tree rules
Example 3 My dad refs our Saturday football games.
nmod:poss nsubj nmod:poss compound compound obj punct root My PRON dad NOUN refs VERB our PRON Saturday PROPN football NOUN games NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 dad nmod:poss 2 dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 3 refs nsubj 3 refs ref VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 games nmod:poss 5 Saturday Saturday PROPN Number=Sing 7 games compound 6 football football NOUN Number=Sing 7 games compound 7 games game NOUN Number=Plur 3 refs obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 refs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ref present My dad our Saturday football games tree rules
Example 4 Please quote our ref 5839 when you reply.
discourse nmod:poss obj flat advmod nsubj advcl punct root Please INTJ quote VERB our PRON ref NOUN 5839 NUM when ADV you PRON reply VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 2 quote discourse 2 quote quote VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 ref nmod:poss 4 ref ref NOUN Number=Sing 2 quote obj 5 5839 5839 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 ref flat 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 8 reply advmod 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 reply nsubj 8 reply reply VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 quote advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 quote punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 quote speech: other imperative you not said here our ref vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ref=Topic 2 reply speech: assert present you vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 The ref gave him a yellow card.
det nsubj iobj det amod obj punct root The DET ref NOUN gave VERB him PRON a DET yellow ADJ card NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ref det 2 ref ref NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave nsubj 3 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 gave iobj 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 card det 6 yellow yellow ADJ Degree=Pos 7 card amod 7 card card NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the ref a yellow card him = he vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient card=Theme
Example 6 I need a ref from my old teacher for the job.
nsubj det obj case nmod:poss amod obl case det obl punct root I PRON need VERB a DET ref NOUN from ADP my PRON old ADJ teacher NOUN for ADP the DET job NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 need nsubj 2 need need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 ref det 4 ref ref NOUN Number=Sing 2 need obj 5 from from ADP _ 8 teacher case 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 teacher nmod:poss 7 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 8 teacher amod 8 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 2 need obl 9 for for ADP _ 11 job case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 job det 11 job job NOUN Number=Sing 2 need obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 need punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need present I a ref from my old teacher; for the job vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot ref=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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