reign Who acts: reign, reigning champion, one, Queen, England, lion · What happens: reign, be, mean, win, hold, break away · To what, where: period, strongest feeling, place, Silence, one, sport · Speech: someone speaks here
«reign» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: reign in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To reign is to rule a country as a king, queen or emperor.
The tree, 13 words mark csubj cop mark det obj case det obl punct conj cc conj punct root To PART reign VERB is AUX to PART rule VERB a DET country NOUN as ADP a DET king NOUN , PUNCT queen NOUN or CCONJ emperor NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 reign mark 2 reign reign VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 rule csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 rule cop 4 to to PART _ 5 rule mark 5 rule rule VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 country det 7 country country NOUN Number=Sing 5 rule obj 8 as as ADP _ 10 king case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 king det 10 king king NOUN Number=Sing 5 rule obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 queen punct 12 queen queen NOUN Number=Sing 10 king conj 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 emperor cc 14 emperor emperor NOUN Number=Sing 10 king conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 rule punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reign to-infinitive tree rules 2 is present as a king and queen or emperor; rule property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A reign is the period of time during which a king or queen rules.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop det case nmod case det det compound cc conj acl:relcl punct root A DET reign NOUN is AUX the DET period NOUN of ADP time NOUN during ADP which DET a DET king NOUN or CCONJ queen NOUN rules NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 reign det 2 reign reign NOUN Number=Sing 5 period nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 period cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 period det 5 period period NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 time case 7 time time NOUN Number=Sing 5 period nmod 8 during during ADP _ 9 which case 9 which which DET PronType=Int 14 rules det 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 king det 11 king king NOUN Number=Sing 14 rules compound 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 queen cc 13 queen queen NOUN Number=Sing 11 king conj 14 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 7 time acl:relcl 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 period punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a reign the period time tree rules
Meaning 3 To reign can mean to be the strongest feeling or thing in a place, as in "Silence reigned".
The tree, 18 words mark csubj aux mark cop det amod xcomp cc conj case det nmod punct mark case punct obl ccomp punct punct root To PART reign VERB can AUX mean VERB to PART be AUX the DET strongest ADJ feeling NOUN or CCONJ thing NOUN in ADP a DET place NOUN , PUNCT as SCONJ in ADP " PUNCT Silence NOUN reigned VERB " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 reign mark 2 reign reign VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean csubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to PART _ 9 feeling mark 6 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 9 feeling cop 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 feeling det 8 strongest strong ADJ Degree=Sup 9 feeling amod 9 feeling feeling NOUN Number=Sing 4 mean xcomp 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 thing cc 11 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 9 feeling conj 12 in in ADP _ 14 place case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 place det 14 place place NOUN Number=Sing 9 feeling nmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 20 reigned punct 16 as as SCONJ _ 20 reigned mark 17 in in ADP _ 19 Silence case 18 " " PUNCT _ 19 Silence punct 19 Silence silence NOUN Number=Sing 20 reigned obl 20 reigned reign VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 mean ccomp 21 " " PUNCT _ 20 reigned punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reign to-infinitive tree rules 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 is a not said to happen to-infinitive the strongest feeling or thing a place tree rules 4 reign in a quote past Silence tree rules
Meaning 4 In sport, the reigning champion is the one who won last time and still holds the title.
The tree, 17 words case obl punct det amod nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl amod obj cc advmod conj det obj punct root In ADP sport NOUN , PUNCT the DET reigning VERB champion NOUN is AUX the DET one NOUN who PRON won VERB last ADJ time NOUN and CCONJ still ADV holds VERB the DET title NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 sport case 2 sport sport NOUN Number=Sing 9 one obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 sport punct 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 champion det 5 reigning reign VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 champion amod 6 champion champion NOUN Number=Sing 9 one nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 one cop 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 one det 9 one one NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 who who PRON PronType=Rel 11 won nsubj 11 won win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 one acl:relcl 12 last last ADJ Degree=Pos 13 time amod 13 time time NOUN Number=Sing 11 won obj 14 and and CCONJ _ 16 holds cc 15 still still ADV _ 16 holds advmod 16 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 won conj 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 title det 18 title title NOUN Number=Sing 16 holds obj 19 . . PUNCT _ 9 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reign gerund tree rules 2 is a present the reigning champion the one sport tree rules 3 win past the one time vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 hold present the one not said here the title still vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent title=Theme
Example 1 Queen Victoria reigned for a very long time.
nsubj flat case det advmod amod obl punct root Queen PROPN Victoria PROPN reigned VERB for ADP a DET very ADV long ADJ time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Queen Queen PROPN Number=Sing 3 reigned nsubj 2 Victoria Victoria PROPN Number=Sing 1 Queen flat 3 reigned reign VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 for for ADP _ 8 time case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 time det 6 very very ADV _ 7 long advmod 7 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 8 time amod 8 time time NOUN Number=Sing 3 reigned obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 reigned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reign past Queen time tree rules
Example 2 During the reign of King Henry VIII, England broke away from the Pope.
The tree, 13 words case det obl case nmod:desc nmod flat punct nsubj advmod case det obl punct root During ADP the DET reign NOUN of ADP King PROPN Henry PROPN VIII NUM , PUNCT England PROPN broke VERB away ADV from ADP the DET Pope PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 During during ADP _ 3 reign case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 reign det 3 reign reign NOUN Number=Sing 10 broke obl 4 of of ADP _ 6 Henry case 5 King King PROPN Number=Sing 6 Henry nmod:desc 6 Henry Henry PROPN Number=Sing 3 reign nmod 7 VIII VIII NUM NumForm=Roman NumType=Card 6 Henry flat 8 , , PUNCT _ 3 reign punct 9 England England PROPN Number=Sing 10 broke nsubj 10 broke break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 away away ADV _ 10 broke advmod 12 from from ADP _ 14 Pope case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 Pope det 14 Pope Pope PROPN Number=Sing 10 broke obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 10 broke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break away past England during the reign of Henry King from the Pope; away property vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from pope=Co-Patient
Example 3 The lion reigns over the jungle in the story.
det nsubj case det obl case det obl punct root The DET lion NOUN reigns VERB over ADP the DET jungle NOUN in ADP the DET story NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 lion det 2 lion lion NOUN Number=Sing 3 reigns nsubj 3 reigns reign VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 over over ADP _ 6 jungle case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 jungle det 6 jungle jungle NOUN Number=Sing 3 reigns obl 7 in in ADP _ 9 story case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 story det 9 story story NOUN Number=Sing 3 reigns obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 reigns punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reign present the lion the jungle in the story tree rules
Example 4 When the teacher walked in, silence reigned.
mark det nsubj advmod punct obl acl punct root When SCONJ the DET teacher NOUN walked VERB in ADV , PUNCT silence NOUN reigned VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when SCONJ _ 4 walked mark 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 teacher det 3 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 4 walked nsubj 4 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 in in ADV _ 4 walked advmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 silence punct 7 silence silence NOUN Number=Sing 4 walked obl 8 reigned reign VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 silence acl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 walked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk in past the teacher silence vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 reign participle silence not said here tree rules
Example 5 Our school is the reigning champion of the county quiz.
nmod:poss nsubj cop det amod case det compound nmod punct root Our PRON school NOUN is AUX the DET reigning VERB champion NOUN of ADP the DET county NOUN quiz NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 school nmod:poss 2 school school NOUN Number=Sing 6 champion nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 champion cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 champion det 5 reigning reign VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 champion amod 6 champion champion NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 10 quiz case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 quiz det 9 county county NOUN Number=Sing 10 quiz compound 10 quiz quiz NOUN Number=Sing 6 champion nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 champion punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reign gerund tree rules 2 is a present Our school the reigning champion of the county quiz tree rules
Example 6 (church) Christians sing that Christ will reign for ever.
punct obl punct nsubj mark nsubj aux ccomp case obl punct root ( PUNCT church NOUN ) PUNCT Christians PROPN sing VERB that SCONJ Christ PROPN will AUX reign VERB for ADP ever ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 church punct 2 church church NOUN Number=Sing 5 sing obl 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 church punct 4 Christians Christian PROPN Number=Plur 5 sing nsubj 5 sing sing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 that that SCONJ _ 9 reign mark 7 Christ Christ PROPN Number=Sing 9 reign nsubj 8 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 reign aux 9 reign reign VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 sing ccomp 10 for for ADP _ 11 ever case 11 ever ever ADV PronType=Ind 9 reign obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 sing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express present Christians church vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 reign future Christ tree rules
Example 7 Chaos reigned in the kitchen while Dad made pancakes.
acl case det obl mark nsubj advcl obj punct root Chaos NOUN reigned VERB in ADP the DET kitchen NOUN while SCONJ Dad PROPN made VERB pancakes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Chaos chaos NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 reigned reign VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Chaos acl 3 in in ADP _ 5 kitchen case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 kitchen det 5 kitchen kitchen NOUN Number=Sing 2 reigned obl 6 while while SCONJ _ 8 made mark 7 Dad Dad PROPN Number=Sing 8 made nsubj 8 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 reigned advcl 9 pancakes pancake NOUN Number=Plur 8 made obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Chaos punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reign participle Chaos not said here the kitchen tree rules 2 make past Dad pancakes vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pancake=Product
Example 8 My father reigned over six kingdoms.
nmod:poss nsubj advmod nummod obj punct root My PRON father NOUN reigned VERB over ADV six NUM kingdoms NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 father nmod:poss 2 father father NOUN Number=Sing 3 reigned nsubj 3 reigned reign VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 over over ADV _ 5 six advmod 5 six six NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 kingdoms nummod 6 kingdoms kingdom NOUN Number=Plur 3 reigned obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 reigned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reign past My father six kingdoms tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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