resistance Who acts: Resistance, force, much material, electricity, Air resistance, Fish · What happens: fight, refuse, not accept, slow down, move, make · To what, where: Resistance, moving thing, electricity, illness, medicine, parachute
«resistance» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: resistance in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Resistance is fighting against something or refusing to accept it.
nsubj aux case obl cc conj mark xcomp obj punct root Resistance NOUN is AUX fighting VERB against ADP something PRON or CCONJ refusing VERB to PART accept VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Resistance resistance NOUN Number=Sing 3 fighting nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 fighting aux 3 fighting fight VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 against against ADP _ 5 something case 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 fighting obl 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 refusing cc 7 refusing refuse VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 fighting conj 8 to to PART _ 9 accept mark 9 accept accept VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 refusing xcomp 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 accept obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 fighting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fight present · progressive Resistance against something vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 refuse gerund Resistance not said here vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 3 not accept to-infinitive Resistance not said here Resistance vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In science, a force that slows down a moving thing, like air resistance or water resistance.
The tree, 16 words case punct det appos nsubj acl:relcl compound:prt det amod obj punct case compound appos cc compound conj punct root In ADP science NOUN , PUNCT a DET force NOUN that PRON slows VERB down ADP a DET moving VERB thing NOUN , PUNCT like ADP air NOUN resistance NOUN or CCONJ water NOUN resistance NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 science case 2 science science NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 force punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 force det 5 force force NOUN Number=Sing 2 science appos 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 slows nsubj 7 slows slow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 force acl:relcl 8 down down ADP _ 7 slows compound:prt 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 thing det 10 moving move VERB VerbForm=Ger 11 thing amod 11 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 7 slows obj 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 resistance punct 13 like like ADP _ 15 resistance case 14 air air NOUN Number=Sing 15 resistance compound 15 resistance resistance NOUN Number=Sing 11 thing appos 16 or or CCONJ _ 18 resistance cc 17 water water NOUN Number=Sing 18 resistance compound 18 resistance resistance NOUN Number=Sing 15 resistance conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 2 science punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 slow down present a force a moving thing vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent thing=Patient 2 move gerund vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 In electricity, how much a material makes it hard for current to flow.
The tree, 13 words case obl punct advmod amod det nsubj obj xcomp case conj mark xcomp punct root In ADP electricity NOUN , PUNCT how ADV much ADJ a DET material NOUN makes VERB it PRON hard ADJ for ADP current ADJ to PART flow VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 electricity case 2 electricity electricity NOUN Number=Sing 8 makes obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 electricity punct 4 how how ADV PronType=Int 5 much advmod 5 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 7 material amod 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 material det 7 material material NOUN Number=Sing 8 makes nsubj 8 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 makes obj 10 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 8 makes xcomp 11 for for ADP _ 12 current case 12 current current ADJ Degree=Pos 10 hard conj 13 to to PART _ 14 flow mark 14 flow flow VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 current xcomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present a much material electricity electricity hard property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product 2 flow to-infinitive electricity not said here vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 4 The ability of the body to fight illness, or of a germ to survive medicine.
The tree, 15 words det case det nmod mark acl obj punct cc case det appos mark acl obj punct root The DET ability NOUN of ADP the DET body NOUN to PART fight VERB illness NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ of ADP a DET germ NOUN to PART survive VERB medicine NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ability det 2 ability ability NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 5 body case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 body det 5 body body NOUN Number=Sing 2 ability nmod 6 to to PART _ 7 fight mark 7 fight fight VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 ability acl 8 illness illness NOUN Number=Sing 7 fight obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 germ punct 10 or or CCONJ _ 13 germ cc 11 of of ADP _ 13 germ case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 germ det 13 germ germ NOUN Number=Sing 2 ability appos 14 to to PART _ 15 survive mark 15 survive survive VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 germ acl 16 medicine medicine NOUN Number=Sing 15 survive obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 ability punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fight to-infinitive illness vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent illness=Co-Agent 2 survive to-infinitive medicine vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme medicine=Circumstance
Example 1 Air resistance slows the parachute down.
compound nsubj det obj compound:prt punct root Air NOUN resistance NOUN slows VERB the DET parachute NOUN down ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Air air NOUN Number=Sing 2 resistance compound 2 resistance resistance NOUN Number=Sing 3 slows nsubj 3 slows slow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 parachute det 5 parachute parachute NOUN Number=Sing 3 slows obj 6 down down ADP _ 3 slows compound:prt 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 slows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 slow down present Air resistance the parachute vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent parachute=Patient
Example 2 Fish have streamlined bodies to reduce water resistance.
nsubj aux obj mark advcl compound obj punct root Fish NOUN have AUX streamlined VERB bodies NOUN to PART reduce VERB water NOUN resistance NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fish fish NOUN Number=Plur 3 streamlined nsubj 2 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 streamlined aux 3 streamlined streamline VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 bodies body NOUN Number=Plur 3 streamlined obj 5 to to PART _ 6 reduce mark 6 reduce reduce VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 streamlined advcl 7 water water NOUN Number=Sing 8 resistance compound 8 resistance resistance NOUN Number=Sing 6 reduce obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 streamlined punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 streamline present · perfect Fish bodies vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent body=Patient 2 reduce to-infinitive Fish not said here water resistance vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer resistance=Patient
Example 3 Thin wires have more resistance.
amod nsubj amod obj punct root Thin ADJ wires NOUN have VERB more ADJ resistance NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 2 wires amod 2 wires wire NOUN Number=Plur 3 have nsubj 3 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 resistance amod 5 resistance resistance NOUN Number=Sing 3 have obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Thin wires more resistance vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent resistance=Patient
Example 4 The people put up resistance against the invaders.
det nsubj compound:prt obj case det obl punct root The DET people NOUN put VERB up ADP resistance NOUN against ADP the DET invaders NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 people det 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 put nsubj 3 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 up up ADP _ 3 put compound:prt 5 resistance resistance NOUN Number=Sing 3 put obj 6 against against ADP _ 8 invaders case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 invaders det 8 invaders invader NOUN Number=Plur 3 put obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put up past the people resistance the invaders vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent resistance=Theme against invader=Destination
Example 5 Exercise builds your resistance to illness.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case obl punct root Exercise NOUN builds VERB your PRON resistance NOUN to ADP illness NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Exercise exercise NOUN Number=Sing 2 builds nsubj 2 builds build VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 resistance nmod:poss 4 resistance resistance NOUN Number=Sing 2 builds obj 5 to to ADP _ 6 illness case 6 illness illness NOUN Number=Sing 2 builds obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 builds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 build present Exercise your resistance to illness vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset resistance=Product 2 resist your nom resistance «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 Some germs have resistance to antibiotics.
det nsubj obj case nmod punct root Some DET germs NOUN have VERB resistance NOUN to ADP antibiotics NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 germs det 2 germs germ NOUN Number=Plur 3 have nsubj 3 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 resistance resistance NOUN Number=Sing 3 have obj 5 to to ADP _ 6 antibiotics case 6 antibiotics antibiotic NOUN Number=Plur 4 resistance nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present some germs resistance to antibiotics vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent resistance=Patient
Example 7 Friction and air resistance are forces.
nsubj cc compound conj cop punct root Friction NOUN and CCONJ air NOUN resistance NOUN are AUX forces NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Friction friction NOUN Number=Sing 6 forces nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 4 resistance cc 3 air air NOUN Number=Sing 4 resistance compound 4 resistance resistance NOUN Number=Sing 1 Friction conj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 forces cop 6 forces force NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 forces punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Friction and air resistance forces tree rules
Example 8 At length, after a great show of resistance, he fell heavily to the ground.
The tree, 14 words case obl punct case det amod nmod case nmod punct nsubj advmod case det obl punct root At ADP length NOUN , PUNCT after ADP a DET great ADJ show NOUN of ADP resistance NOUN , PUNCT he PRON fell VERB heavily ADV to ADP the DET ground NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 At at ADP _ 2 length case 2 length length NOUN Number=Sing 12 fell obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 7 show punct 4 after after ADP _ 7 show case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 show det 6 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 7 show amod 7 show show NOUN Number=Sing 2 length nmod 8 of of ADP _ 9 resistance case 9 resistance resistance NOUN Number=Sing 7 show nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 2 length punct 11 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 fell nsubj 12 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 13 heavily heavily ADV _ 12 fell advmod 14 to to ADP _ 16 ground case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 ground det 16 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 12 fell obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 12 fell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall past he length after a great show of resistance to the ground; heavily property vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at length=Location 2 show resistance nom show «act transitive»: of=patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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