retain Who acts: sponge, flask, She, shop, many marbles, soil · What happens: retain, be, not lose, give away, read, help · To what, where: it, water, heat, facts, 8, rest
«retain» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: retain in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To retain is to keep something and not lose it or give it away.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj cop mark obj cc advmod conj obj cc conj obj advmod punct root To PART retain VERB is AUX to PART keep VERB something PRON and CCONJ not PART lose VERB it PRON or CCONJ give VERB it PRON away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 retain mark 2 retain retain VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 keep csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 keep cop 4 to to PART _ 5 keep mark 5 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 keep obj 7 and and CCONJ _ 9 lose cc 8 not not PART Polarity=Neg 9 lose advmod 9 lose lose VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 keep conj 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 lose obj 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 give cc 12 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 keep conj 13 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 give obj 14 away away ADV _ 12 give advmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 retain to-infinitive tree rules 2 is present keep property tree rules 3 not lose infinitive it vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality 4 give away infinitive it away property vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent it=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To retain is to hold something in: a sponge retains water, a flask retains heat.
The tree, 15 words mark conj cop mark obj compound:prt punct det nsubj parataxis obj punct det nsubj conj obj punct root To PART retain VERB is AUX to PART hold VERB something PRON in ADP : PUNCT a DET sponge NOUN retains VERB water NOUN , PUNCT a DET flask NOUN retains VERB heat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 retain mark 2 retain retain VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 hold conj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 hold cop 4 to to PART _ 5 hold mark 5 hold hold VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 hold obj 7 in in ADP _ 5 hold compound:prt 8 : : PUNCT _ 11 retains punct 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 sponge det 10 sponge sponge NOUN Number=Sing 11 retains nsubj 11 retains retain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 hold parataxis 12 water water NOUN Number=Sing 11 retains obj 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 retains punct 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 flask det 15 flask flask NOUN Number=Sing 16 retains nsubj 16 retains retain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 retains conj 17 heat heat NOUN Number=Sing 16 retains obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 hold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 retain to-infinitive tree rules 2 is present hold property tree rules 3 retain present a sponge water tree rules 4 retain present a flask heat tree rules
Meaning 3 To retain facts is to remember them.
mark advcl obj cop mark obj punct root To PART retain VERB facts NOUN is AUX to PART remember VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 retain mark 2 retain retain VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 remember advcl 3 facts fact NOUN Number=Plur 2 retain obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 remember cop 5 to to PART _ 6 remember mark 6 remember remember VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 remember obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 remember punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 retain to-infinitive facts tree rules 2 is present remember property tree rules
Example 1 She gave away 8 of her 20 stickers and retained the rest.
nsubj advmod obl case nmod:poss nummod nmod cc conj det obj punct root She PRON gave VERB away ADV 8 NUM of ADP her PRON 20 NUM stickers NOUN and CCONJ retained VERB the DET rest NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 gave nsubj 2 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 away away ADV _ 2 gave advmod 4 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 gave obl 5 of of ADP _ 8 stickers case 6 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 stickers nmod:poss 7 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 stickers nummod 8 stickers sticker NOUN Number=Plur 4 8 nmod 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 retained cc 10 retained retain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 gave conj 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 rest det 12 rest rest NOUN Number=Sing 10 retained obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give away past She 8 of her 20 stickers away property vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent 2 retain past She not said here the rest tree rules
Example 2 The shop retains 10% of the price.
det nsubj nummod obj case det nmod punct root The DET shop NOUN retains VERB 10 NUM % SYM of ADP the DET price NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shop det 2 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 3 retains nsubj 3 retains retain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 % nummod 5 % % SYM Number=Sing 3 retains obj 6 of of ADP _ 8 price case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 price det 8 price price NOUN Number=Sing 5 % nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 retains punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 retain present the shop tree rules
Example 3 How many marbles did he retain?
advmod amod nsubj aux nsubj punct root How ADV many ADJ marbles NOUN did AUX he PRON retain VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 marbles amod 3 marbles marble NOUN Number=Plur 6 retain nsubj 4 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 retain aux 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 retain nsubj 6 retain retain VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 retain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 retain past · do-support many marbles tree rules
Example 4 The soil retains 2 liters of water.
det nsubj nummod obj case nmod punct root The DET soil NOUN retains VERB 2 NUM liters NOUN of ADP water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 soil det 2 soil soil NOUN Number=Sing 3 retains nsubj 3 retains retain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 liters nummod 5 liters liter NOUN Number=Plur 3 retains obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 water case 7 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 liters nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 retains punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 retain present the soil 2 liters of water tree rules
Example 5 Clay soil retains more water than sandy soil.
compound nsubj amod obj case amod obl punct root Clay NOUN soil NOUN retains VERB more ADJ water NOUN than ADP sandy ADJ soil NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Clay clay NOUN Number=Sing 2 soil compound 2 soil soil NOUN Number=Sing 3 retains nsubj 3 retains retain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 water amod 5 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 retains obj 6 than than ADP _ 8 soil case 7 sandy sandy ADJ Degree=Pos 8 soil amod 8 soil soil NOUN Number=Sing 3 retains obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 retains punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 retain present Clay soil more water than sandy soil tree rules
Example 6 A flask retains heat for hours.
det nsubj obj case obl punct root A DET flask NOUN retains VERB heat NOUN for ADP hours NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 flask det 2 flask flask NOUN Number=Sing 3 retains nsubj 3 retains retain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 heat heat NOUN Number=Sing 3 retains obj 5 for for ADP _ 6 hours case 6 hours hour NOUN Number=Plur 3 retains obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 retains punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 retain present a flask heat hour tree rules
Example 7 Reading notes again helps you retain facts.
csubj obj advmod obj xcomp obj punct root Reading VERB notes NOUN again ADV helps VERB you PRON retain VERB facts NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Reading read VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 helps csubj 2 notes note NOUN Number=Plur 1 Reading obj 3 again again ADV _ 1 Reading advmod 4 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 helps obj 6 retain retain VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 helps xcomp 7 facts fact NOUN Number=Plur 6 retain obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read gerund notes again vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent note=Topic 2 help present Reading you vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme 3 retain infinitive you not said here facts tree rules
Example 8 The team retained the trophy for another year.
det nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET team NOUN retained VERB the DET trophy NOUN for ADP another DET year NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 team det 2 team team NOUN Number=Sing 3 retained nsubj 3 retained retain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 trophy det 5 trophy trophy NOUN Number=Sing 3 retained obj 6 for for ADP _ 8 year case 7 another another DET PronType=Ind 8 year det 8 year year NOUN Number=Sing 3 retained obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 retained punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 retain past the team the trophy year tree rules
Example 9 But above all he retained the passion for good form.
cc case obl nsubj det obj case amod obl punct root But CCONJ above ADP all DET he PRON retained VERB the DET passion NOUN for ADP good ADJ form NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 But but CCONJ _ 5 retained cc 2 above above ADP _ 3 all case 3 all all DET PronType=Tot 5 retained obl 4 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 retained nsubj 5 retained retain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 passion det 7 passion passion NOUN Number=Sing 5 retained obj 8 for for ADP _ 10 form case 9 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 10 form amod 10 form form NOUN Number=Sing 5 retained obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 retained punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 retain past he the passion all for good form tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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