rubbing Who acts: Rubbing, I, She, balloon, We, you · What happens: mean, move, press, rub out, remove, be · To what, where: hand, pencil marks, picture, paper, rough surface, hands · Speech: someone speaks here
«rubbing» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: rubbing in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Rubbing means moving your hand or something against a surface again and again, pressing on it.
The tree, 16 words nsubj xcomp nmod:poss obj cc conj case det obl advmod cc conj punct conj case obl punct root Rubbing NOUN means VERB moving VERB your PRON hand NOUN or CCONJ something PRON against ADP a DET surface NOUN again ADV and CCONJ again ADV , PUNCT pressing VERB on ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rubbing rubbing NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 moving move VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 hand nmod:poss 5 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 3 moving obj 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 something cc 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 hand conj 8 against against ADP _ 10 surface case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 surface det 10 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 3 moving obl 11 again again ADV _ 3 moving advmod 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 again cc 13 again again ADV _ 11 again conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 pressing punct 15 pressing press VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 moving conj 16 on on ADP _ 17 it case 17 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 pressing obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Rubbing vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 move not said to happen gerund Rubbing not said here your hand again against a surface vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hand=Theme 3 press gerund Rubbing not said here on Rubbing vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent on it=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Rubbing out means removing pencil marks with a rubber or eraser.
csubj compound:prt xcomp compound obj case det obl cc conj punct root Rubbing VERB out ADP means VERB removing VERB pencil NOUN marks NOUN with ADP a DET rubber NOUN or CCONJ eraser NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rubbing rub VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 means csubj 2 out out ADP _ 1 Rubbing compound:prt 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 removing remove VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 means xcomp 5 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing 6 marks compound 6 marks mark NOUN Number=Plur 4 removing obj 7 with with ADP _ 9 rubber case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 rubber det 9 rubber rubber NOUN Number=Sing 4 removing obl 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 eraser cc 11 eraser eraser NOUN Number=Sing 9 rubber conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rub out gerund vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme 2 mean present Rubbing vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 remove not said to happen gerund Rubbing not said here pencil marks with a rubber or eraser vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mark=Theme
Meaning 3 A rubbing is a picture made by putting paper on a rough surface and rubbing it with a crayon (a bark rubbing, a coin rubbing).
The tree, 25 words det nsubj cop det acl mark advcl obj case det amod obl cc conj obj case det obl punct det compound appos punct det compound conj punct punct root A DET rubbing NOUN is AUX a DET picture NOUN made VERB by SCONJ putting VERB paper NOUN on ADP a DET rough ADJ surface NOUN and CCONJ rubbing VERB it PRON with ADP a DET crayon NOUN ( PUNCT a DET bark NOUN rubbing NOUN , PUNCT a DET coin NOUN rubbing NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 rubbing det 2 rubbing rubbing NOUN Number=Sing 5 picture nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 picture cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 picture det 5 picture picture NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 picture acl 7 by by SCONJ _ 8 putting mark 8 putting put VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 made advcl 9 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 8 putting obj 10 on on ADP _ 13 surface case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 surface det 12 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 13 surface amod 13 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 8 putting obl 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 rubbing cc 15 rubbing rub VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 putting conj 16 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 rubbing obj 17 with with ADP _ 19 crayon case 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 crayon det 19 crayon crayon NOUN Number=Sing 15 rubbing obl 20 ( ( PUNCT _ 23 rubbing punct 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 rubbing det 22 bark bark NOUN Number=Sing 23 rubbing compound 23 rubbing rubbing NOUN Number=Sing 19 crayon appos 24 , , PUNCT _ 27 rubbing punct 25 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 27 rubbing det 26 coin coin NOUN Number=Sing 27 rubbing compound 27 rubbing rubbing NOUN Number=Sing 23 rubbing conj 28 ) ) PUNCT _ 23 rubbing punct 29 . . PUNCT _ 5 picture punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a rubbing a picture tree rules 2 make participle a picture not said here vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 3 put gerund paper a rough surface vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent paper=Theme on surface=Destination 4 rub gerund paper with a crayon vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Destination with crayon=Theme
Example 1 I am rubbing my hands to keep them warm.
nsubj aux nmod:poss obj mark advcl obj xcomp punct root I PRON am AUX rubbing VERB my PRON hands NOUN to PART keep VERB them PRON warm ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 rubbing nsubj 2 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 rubbing aux 3 rubbing rub VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 hands nmod:poss 5 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 3 rubbing obj 6 to to PART _ 7 keep mark 7 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 rubbing advcl 8 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 keep obj 9 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 7 keep xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 rubbing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rub present · progressive I my hands vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hand=Theme 2 keep to-infinitive I not said here hands = hand warm property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
Example 2 She is rubbing out the wrong answer.
nsubj aux compound:prt det amod obj punct root She PRON is AUX rubbing VERB out ADP the DET wrong ADJ answer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 rubbing nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 rubbing aux 3 rubbing rub VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 out out ADP _ 3 rubbing compound:prt 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 answer det 6 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 7 answer amod 7 answer answer NOUN Number=Sing 3 rubbing obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 rubbing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rub out present · progressive She the wrong answer vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent answer=Theme
Example 3 Rubbing a balloon on your hair makes it stick to the wall.
csubj det obj case nmod:poss obl obj xcomp case det obl punct root Rubbing VERB a DET balloon NOUN on ADP your PRON hair NOUN makes VERB it PRON stick VERB to ADP the DET wall NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rubbing rub VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 makes csubj 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 balloon det 3 balloon balloon NOUN Number=Sing 1 Rubbing obj 4 on on ADP _ 6 hair case 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 hair nmod:poss 6 hair hair NOUN Number=Sing 1 Rubbing obl 7 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 makes obj 9 stick stick VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 makes xcomp 10 to to ADP _ 12 wall case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 wall det 12 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 9 stick obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rub gerund a balloon your hair vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent balloon=Theme on hair=Destination 2 make present Rubbing balloon tree rules 3 stick infinitive balloon not said here to the wall vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to wall=Co-Patient
Example 4 We made bark rubbings with crayons.
nsubj aux obj case obl punct root We PRON made AUX bark VERB rubbings NOUN with ADP crayons NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 bark nsubj 2 made may AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 bark aux 3 bark bark VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 rubbings rubbing NOUN Number=Plur 3 bark obj 5 with with ADP _ 6 crayons case 6 crayons crayon NOUN Number=Plur 3 bark obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 bark punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bark may We rubbings with crayons vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent rubbing=Theme
Example 5 Stop rubbing your eyes.
xcomp nmod:poss obj punct root Stop VERB rubbing VERB your PRON eyes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 rubbing rub VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Stop xcomp 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 eyes nmod:poss 4 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 2 rubbing obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 1 Stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop imperative you not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 rub gerund you not said here your eyes vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent eye=Theme
Example 6 Rubbing two sticks together can make fire.
csubj nummod obj advmod aux obj punct root Rubbing VERB two NUM sticks NOUN together ADV can AUX make VERB fire NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rubbing rub VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 make csubj 2 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 sticks nummod 3 sticks stick NOUN Number=Plur 1 Rubbing obj 4 together together ADV _ 1 Rubbing advmod 5 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 make aux 6 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 6 make obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rub gerund two sticks together property vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent stick=Theme 2 make can Rubbing fire vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset fire=Product
Example 7 The cat is rubbing against my legs.
det nsubj aux case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET cat NOUN is AUX rubbing VERB against ADP my PRON legs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cat det 2 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 4 rubbing nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 rubbing aux 4 rubbing rub VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 against against ADP _ 7 legs case 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 legs nmod:poss 7 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 4 rubbing obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 rubbing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rub present · progressive the cat my legs vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent against leg=Destination
Example 8 I know I lost, don't keep rubbing it in!
nsubj nsubj ccomp punct aux advmod parataxis xcomp obj compound:prt punct root I PRON know VERB I PRON lost VERB , PUNCT do AUX n't PART keep VERB rubbing VERB it PRON in ADP ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 know nsubj 2 know know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 lost nsubj 4 lost lose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 know ccomp 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 keep punct 6 do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 8 keep aux 7 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 8 keep advmod 8 keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 know parataxis 9 rubbing rub VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 keep xcomp 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 rubbing obj 11 in in ADP _ 9 rubbing compound:prt 12 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 know punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know present I vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 lose past I vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 not keep infinitive · do-support tree rules 4 rub in gerund it vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Example 9 Rubbing his hands together happily, he mumbled half to himself:
advcl nmod:poss obj advmod advmod punct nsubj obj case obl punct root Rubbing VERB his PRON hands NOUN together ADV happily ADV , PUNCT he PRON mumbled VERB half NOUN to ADP himself PRON : PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rubbing rub VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 mumbled advcl 2 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 hands nmod:poss 3 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 1 Rubbing obj 4 together together ADV _ 1 Rubbing advmod 5 happily happily ADV _ 1 Rubbing advmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 1 Rubbing punct 7 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 mumbled nsubj 8 mumbled mumble VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 half half NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 8 mumbled obj 10 to to ADP _ 11 himself case 11 himself himself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 8 mumbled obl 12 : : PUNCT _ 8 mumbled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rub gerund he not said here his hands happily, together property vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hand=Theme 2 mumble speech: other past he half himself = he vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent half=Topic to himself=Recipient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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