sacrifice Who acts: you, Verb, parents, she, her, Firefighters · What happens: give up, value, kill, offer, gain, make · To what, where: something, animal, god, piece, purpose, advantage · Speech: someone speaks here
«sacrifice» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sacrifice in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Giving up something you value for something more important or for someone else.
csubj compound:prt nsubj acl:relcl case nmod advmod amod cc case conj advmod punct root Giving VERB up ADP something PRON you PRON value VERB for ADP something PRON more ADV important ADJ or CCONJ for ADP someone PRON else ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Giving give VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 something csubj 2 up up ADP _ 1 Giving compound:prt 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 value nsubj 5 value value VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 something acl:relcl 6 for for ADP _ 7 something case 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 something nmod 8 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 9 important advmod 9 important important ADJ Degree=Pos 7 something amod 10 or or CCONJ _ 12 someone cc 11 for for ADP _ 12 someone case 12 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 something conj 13 else else ADV _ 12 someone advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give up gerund vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 value present you vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
Her parents made sacrifices so she could go to college.
nmod:poss nsubj obj mark nsubj aux advcl case obl punct root Her PRON parents NOUN made VERB sacrifices NOUN so SCONJ she PRON could AUX go VERB to ADP college NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 parents nmod:poss 2 parents parent NOUN Number=Plur 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 sacrifices sacrifice NOUN Number=Plur 3 made obj 5 so so SCONJ _ 8 go mark 6 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 go nsubj 7 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 go aux 8 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 made advcl 9 to to ADP _ 10 college case 10 college college NOUN Number=Sing 8 go obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past Her parents sacrifices vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sacrifice=Product 2 go could she college vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to college=Initial_Location
Meaning 2 Verb: to give up something valuable for a reason.
nsubj punct mark compound:prt obj amod case det obl punct root Verb NOUN : PUNCT to PART give VERB up ADP something PRON valuable ADJ for ADP a DET reason NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 4 give nsubj 2 : : PUNCT _ 4 give punct 3 to to PART _ 4 give mark 4 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 up up ADP _ 4 give compound:prt 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 give obj 7 valuable valuable ADJ Degree=Pos 6 something amod 8 for for ADP _ 10 reason case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 reason det 10 reason reason NOUN Number=Sing 4 give obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give up to-infinitive Verb something for a reason vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Source
Meaning 3 In old religions, killing an animal or offering something to a god.
case amod punct conj det obj cc conj obj case det obl punct root In ADP old ADJ religions NOUN , PUNCT killing VERB an DET animal NOUN or CCONJ offering VERB something PRON to ADP a DET god NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 religions case 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 religions amod 3 religions religion NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 killing punct 5 killing kill VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 religions conj 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 animal det 7 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 5 killing obj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 offering cc 9 offering offer VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 killing conj 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 offering obj 11 to to ADP _ 13 god case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 god det 13 god god NOUN Number=Sing 9 offering obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 religions punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 kill gerund a animal vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme 2 offer gerund something a god vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent something=Theme to god=Goal
Meaning 4 Usage: games — kept apart, not parsed.
Giving up a piece on purpose to gain an advantage, as in chess.
The tree, 13 words compound:prt det obj case obl mark advcl det obj punct case case obl punct root Giving VERB up ADP a DET piece NOUN on ADP purpose NOUN to PART gain VERB an DET advantage NOUN , PUNCT as ADP in ADP chess NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Giving give VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 up up ADP _ 1 Giving compound:prt 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 piece det 4 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing 1 Giving obj 5 on on ADP _ 6 purpose case 6 purpose purpose NOUN Number=Sing 1 Giving obl 7 to to PART _ 8 gain mark 8 gain gain VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Giving advcl 9 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 advantage det 10 advantage advantage NOUN Number=Sing 8 gain obj 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 chess punct 12 as as ADP _ 14 chess case 13 in in ADP _ 14 chess case 14 chess chess NOUN Number=Sing 1 Giving obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 1 Giving punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give up gerund a piece purpose as chess vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piece=Source 2 gain to-infinitive a advantage vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent advantage=Theme
Example 1 She sacrificed her break to help a friend with maths.
nsubj nmod:poss obj mark advcl det obj case nmod punct root She PRON sacrificed VERB her PRON break NOUN to PART help VERB a DET friend NOUN with ADP maths NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 sacrificed nsubj 2 sacrificed sacrifice VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 break nmod:poss 4 break break NOUN Number=Sing 2 sacrificed obj 5 to to PART _ 6 help mark 6 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 sacrificed advcl 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 friend det 8 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 6 help obj 9 with with ADP _ 10 maths case 10 maths math NOUN Number=Plur 8 friend nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 sacrificed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sacrifice past She her break vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent break=Theme 2 help to-infinitive She not said here a friend with maths vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent friend=Beneficiary with math=Theme 3 break her = she nom break «event transitive»: poss=agent
Example 2 Firefighters sometimes sacrifice their own safety to save others.
nsubj advmod nmod:poss amod obj mark advcl obj punct root Firefighters NOUN sometimes ADV sacrifice VERB their PRON own ADJ safety NOUN to PART save VERB others NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Firefighters firefighter NOUN Number=Plur 3 sacrifice nsubj 2 sometimes sometimes ADV PronType=Ind 3 sacrifice advmod 3 sacrifice sacrifice VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 safety nmod:poss 5 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 6 safety amod 6 safety safety NOUN Number=Sing 3 sacrifice obj 7 to to PART _ 8 save mark 8 save save VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 sacrifice advcl 9 others other NOUN Number=Plur 8 save obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 sacrifice punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sacrifice present Firefighters Firefighters's own safety sometimes property vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent safety=Theme 2 save to-infinitive Firefighters not said here others vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent other=Theme
Example 3 The ancient Greeks made sacrifices to their gods.
det amod nsubj obj case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET ancient ADJ Greeks PROPN made VERB sacrifices NOUN to ADP their PRON gods NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Greeks det 2 ancient ancient ADJ Degree=Pos 3 Greeks amod 3 Greeks Greek PROPN Number=Plur 4 made nsubj 4 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 sacrifices sacrifice NOUN Number=Plur 4 made obj 6 to to ADP _ 8 gods case 7 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 gods nmod:poss 8 gods god NOUN Number=Plur 4 made obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the ancient Greeks sacrifices to Greeks's gods vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sacrifice=Product
Example 4 He sacrificed his knight to trap the king.
nsubj nmod:poss obj mark advcl det obj punct root He PRON sacrificed VERB his PRON knight NOUN to PART trap VERB the DET king NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 sacrificed nsubj 2 sacrificed sacrifice VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 knight nmod:poss 4 knight knight NOUN Number=Sing 2 sacrificed obj 5 to to PART _ 6 trap mark 6 trap trap VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 sacrificed advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 king det 8 king king NOUN Number=Sing 6 trap obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 sacrificed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sacrifice past He his knight vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent knight=Theme 2 trap to-infinitive He not said here the king vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent king=Patient
Example 5 Saving for a bike means sacrificing sweets for a while.
csubj case det obl xcomp obj case det obl punct root Saving VERB for ADP a DET bike NOUN means VERB sacrificing VERB sweets NOUN for ADP a DET while NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Saving save VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 means csubj 2 for for ADP _ 4 bike case 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 bike det 4 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 1 Saving obl 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 sacrificing sacrifice VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 means xcomp 7 sweets sweet NOUN Number=Plur 6 sacrificing obj 8 for for ADP _ 10 while case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 while det 10 while while NOUN Number=Sing 6 sacrificing obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 save gerund for a bike vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent for bike=Source 2 mean present Saving vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 sacrifice not said to happen gerund Saving not said here sweets while vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent sweet=Theme
Example 6 Remembrance Day honours the sacrifice of soldiers.
compound nsubj det obj case nmod punct root Remembrance PROPN Day PROPN honours VERB the DET sacrifice NOUN of ADP soldiers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Remembrance Remembrance PROPN Number=Sing 2 Day compound 2 Day Day PROPN Number=Sing 3 honours nsubj 3 honours honour VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 sacrifice det 5 sacrifice sacrifice NOUN Number=Sing 3 honours obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 soldiers case 7 soldiers soldier NOUN Number=Plur 5 sacrifice nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 honours punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 honour present Remembrance Day the sacrifice of soldiers tree rules 2 sacrifice soldiers nom sacrifice «act transitive»: of=patient
Example 7 She would not sacrifice herself for others.
nsubj aux advmod obj case obl punct root She PRON would AUX not PART sacrifice VERB herself PRON for ADP others NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 sacrifice nsubj 2 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 sacrifice aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 sacrifice advmod 4 sacrifice sacrifice VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 herself herself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 4 sacrifice obj 6 for for ADP _ 7 others case 7 others other NOUN Number=Plur 4 sacrifice obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 sacrifice punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not sacrifice would She herself = she for others vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent herself=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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