sale Who acts: sale, things, someone, USA, Sales, bake sale · What happens: sell, be, cost, mean, want, buy · To what, where: something, time, less, sale, number, things · Speech: someone speaks here
«sale» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sale in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A sale is selling something: the sale of a house.
det nsubj aux obj punct det obl case det nmod punct root A DET sale NOUN is AUX selling VERB something PRON : PUNCT the DET sale NOUN of ADP a DET house NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sale det 2 sale sale NOUN Number=Sing 4 selling nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 selling aux 4 selling sell VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 selling obj 6 : : PUNCT _ 8 sale punct 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 sale det 8 sale sale NOUN Number=Sing 4 selling obl 9 of of ADP _ 11 house case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 house det 11 house house NOUN Number=Sing 8 sale nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 selling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sell present · progressive a sale something the sale of a house obl vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A sale is a time when things cost less than usual: a summer sale.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop det mark nsubj advcl obj case obl punct det compound conj punct root A DET sale NOUN is AUX a DET time NOUN when SCONJ things NOUN cost VERB less ADJ than ADP usual ADJ : PUNCT a DET summer NOUN sale NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sale det 2 sale sale NOUN Number=Sing 5 time nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 time cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 time det 5 time time NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 when when SCONJ _ 8 cost mark 7 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 8 cost nsubj 8 cost cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 time advcl 9 less less ADJ Degree=Cmp 8 cost obj 10 than than ADP _ 11 usual case 11 usual usual ADJ Degree=Pos 9 less obl 12 : : PUNCT _ 15 sale punct 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 sale det 14 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 15 sale compound 15 sale sale NOUN Number=Sing 5 time conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 time punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a sale a time and a summer sale tree rules 2 cost present things less vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme less=Value
Meaning 3 «For sale» means someone wants to sell it.
punct case nsubj punct nsubj ccomp mark xcomp obj punct root « PUNCT For ADP sale NOUN » PUNCT means VERB someone PRON wants VERB to PART sell VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 sale punct 2 For for ADP _ 3 sale case 3 sale sale NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 sale punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 wants nsubj 7 wants want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 means ccomp 8 to to PART _ 9 sell mark 9 sell sell VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 wants xcomp 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 sell obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present sale vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 want present someone vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 3 sell not said to happen to-infinitive someone not said here sale vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Meaning 4 «On sale» means it can be bought, or (USA) that it is cheaper than usual.
The tree, 15 words punct case nsubj punct nsubj:pass aux aux:pass ccomp punct cc punct nsubj punct mark nsubj cop parataxis case obl punct root « PUNCT On ADP sale NOUN » PUNCT means VERB it PRON can AUX be AUX bought VERB , PUNCT or CCONJ ( PUNCT USA PROPN ) PUNCT that SCONJ it PRON is AUX cheaper ADJ than ADP usual ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 sale punct 2 On on ADP _ 3 sale case 3 sale sale NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 sale punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 bought nsubj:pass 7 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 bought aux 8 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 9 bought aux:pass 9 bought buy VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 means ccomp 10 , , PUNCT _ 18 cheaper punct 11 or or CCONJ _ 18 cheaper cc 12 ( ( PUNCT _ 13 USA punct 13 USA USA PROPN Number=Sing 18 cheaper nsubj 14 ) ) PUNCT _ 13 USA punct 15 that that SCONJ _ 18 cheaper mark 16 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 cheaper nsubj 17 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 cheaper cop 18 cheaper cheap ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 means parataxis 19 than than ADP _ 20 usual case 20 usual usual ADJ Degree=Pos 18 cheaper obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present sale vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 buy can · passive sale vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 3 is present USA than usual; cheap property tree rules
Meaning 5 Sales are the number of things sold, or the money from them.
nsubj cop det case nmod acl punct cc det parataxis case nmod punct root Sales NOUN are AUX the DET number NOUN of ADP things NOUN sold VERB , PUNCT or CCONJ the DET money NOUN from ADP them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sales sale NOUN Number=Plur 4 number nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 number cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 number det 4 number number NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 things case 6 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 4 number nmod 7 sold sell VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 things acl 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 money punct 9 or or CCONJ _ 11 money cc 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 money det 11 money money NOUN Number=Sing 7 sold parataxis 12 from from ADP _ 13 them case 13 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 money nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 number punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Sales the number of things tree rules 2 sell participle things not said here vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent
Meaning 6 A bake sale or yard sale is an event to sell things.
det compound nsubj cc compound conj cop det mark acl obj punct root A DET bake NOUN sale NOUN or CCONJ yard NOUN sale NOUN is AUX an DET event NOUN to PART sell VERB things NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 sale det 2 bake bake NOUN Number=Sing 3 sale compound 3 sale sale NOUN Number=Sing 9 event nsubj 4 or or CCONJ _ 6 sale cc 5 yard yard NOUN Number=Sing 6 sale compound 6 sale sale NOUN Number=Sing 3 sale conj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 event cop 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 event det 9 event event NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 to to PART _ 11 sell mark 11 sell sell VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 event acl 12 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 11 sell obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 9 event punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a bake sale or yard sale a event tree rules 2 sell to-infinitive things vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme
Example 1 Shirts are on sale for $5 off.
nsubj cop case case nmod nummod advmod punct root Shirts NOUN are AUX on ADP sale NOUN for ADP $ SYM 5 NUM off ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shirts shirt NOUN Number=Plur 4 sale nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 sale cop 3 on on ADP _ 4 sale case 4 sale sale NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 for for ADP _ 6 $ case 6 $ $ SYM _ 4 sale nmod 7 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 $ nummod 8 off off ADV _ 7 5 advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 sale punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Shirts sale tree rules
Example 2 The bake sale made $120.
det compound nsubj obj nummod punct root The DET bake NOUN sale NOUN made VERB $ SYM 120 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 sale det 2 bake bake NOUN Number=Sing 3 sale compound 3 sale sale NOUN Number=Sing 4 made nsubj 4 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 $ $ SYM _ 4 made obj 6 120 120 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 $ nummod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the bake sale vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset $=Product
Example 3 During the sale, prices are 20% less.
case det obl punct nsubj cop nummod obl:unmarked punct root During ADP the DET sale NOUN , PUNCT prices NOUN are AUX 20 NUM % SYM less ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 During during ADP _ 3 sale case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 sale det 3 sale sale NOUN Number=Sing 9 less obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 sale punct 5 prices price NOUN Number=Plur 9 less nsubj 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 less cop 7 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 % nummod 8 % % SYM Number=Sing 9 less obl:unmarked 9 less less ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 less punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present prices during the sale less property tree rules
Example 4 How many tickets were sold at the sale?
advmod amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root How ADV many ADJ tickets NOUN were AUX sold VERB at ADP the DET sale NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 tickets amod 3 tickets ticket NOUN Number=Plur 5 sold nsubj:pass 4 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 sold aux:pass 5 sold sell VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 at at ADP _ 8 sale case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 sale det 8 sale sale NOUN Number=Sing 5 sold obl 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 sold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sell past · passive many tickets the sale vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: subject=Theme at sale=Asset
Example 5 Our class had a bake sale for charity.
nmod:poss nsubj det compound obj case nmod punct root Our PRON class NOUN had VERB a DET bake NOUN sale NOUN for ADP charity NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 class nmod:poss 2 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 sale det 5 bake bake NOUN Number=Sing 6 sale compound 6 sale sale NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obj 7 for for ADP _ 8 charity case 8 charity charity NOUN Number=Sing 6 sale nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past Our class a bake sale for charity vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sale=Patient
Example 6 The house next door is for sale.
det nsubj amod nmod cop case punct root The DET house NOUN next ADJ door NOUN is AUX for ADP sale NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 house det 2 house house NOUN Number=Sing 7 sale nsubj 3 next next ADJ Degree=Pos 4 door amod 4 door door NOUN Number=Sing 2 house nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 sale cop 6 for for ADP _ 7 sale case 7 sale sale NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 sale punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the house next door for sale tree rules
Example 7 Tickets go on sale on Monday.
nsubj case obl case obl punct root Tickets NOUN go VERB on ADP sale NOUN on ADP Monday PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tickets ticket NOUN Number=Plur 2 go nsubj 2 go go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 4 sale case 4 sale sale NOUN Number=Sing 2 go obl 5 on on ADP _ 6 Monday case 6 Monday Monday PROPN Number=Sing 2 go obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present Tickets sale monday vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on sale=Location
Example 8 Sales of ice cream go up in summer.
nsubj case compound nmod compound:prt case obl punct root Sales NOUN of ADP ice NOUN cream NOUN go VERB up ADP in ADP summer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sales sale NOUN Number=Plur 5 go nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 4 cream case 3 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 4 cream compound 4 cream cream NOUN Number=Sing 1 Sales nmod 5 go go VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 up up ADP _ 5 go compound:prt 7 in in ADP _ 8 summer case 8 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 5 go obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go up infinitive Sales of ice cream summer vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Example 9 We sold old toys at a yard sale.
nsubj amod obj case det compound obl punct root We PRON sold VERB old ADJ toys NOUN at ADP a DET yard NOUN sale NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 sold nsubj 2 sold sell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 4 toys amod 4 toys toy NOUN Number=Plur 2 sold obj 5 at at ADP _ 8 sale case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 sale det 7 yard yard NOUN Number=Sing 8 sale compound 8 sale sale NOUN Number=Sing 2 sold obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 sold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sell past We old toys a yard sale vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent toy=Theme at sale=Asset
Example 10 "It's not for sale, my good man."
punct nsubj cop advmod case punct nmod:poss amod conj punct punct root " PUNCT It PRON 's AUX not PART for ADP sale NOUN , PUNCT my PRON good ADJ man NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 6 sale punct 2 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 sale nsubj 3 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 sale cop 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 sale advmod 5 for for ADP _ 6 sale case 6 sale sale NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 man punct 8 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 man nmod:poss 9 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 10 man amod 10 man man NOUN Number=Sing 6 sale conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 sale punct 12 " " PUNCT _ 6 sale punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is in a quote present It for sale and my good man tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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