sanction Who acts: Sanction, punishment, Sanctions, school, Missing homework, head teacher · What happens: be, break, punish, stop, sanction, have · To what, where: official permission, punishment, rule, actions, country, trade
«sanction» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sanction in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
Sanction is official permission or approval.
nsubj cop amod cc conj punct root Sanction NOUN is AUX official ADJ permission NOUN or CCONJ approval NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sanction sanction NOUN Number=Sing 4 permission nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 permission cop 3 official official ADJ Degree=Pos 4 permission amod 4 permission permission NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 approval cc 6 approval approval NOUN Number=Sing 4 permission conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 permission punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Sanction official permission or approval tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A sanction is a punishment for breaking a rule.
det nsubj cop det mark acl det obj punct root A DET sanction NOUN is AUX a DET punishment NOUN for SCONJ breaking VERB a DET rule NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sanction det 2 sanction sanction NOUN Number=Sing 5 punishment nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 punishment cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 punishment det 5 punishment punishment NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 for for SCONJ _ 7 breaking mark 7 breaking break VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 punishment acl 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 rule det 9 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 7 breaking obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 punishment punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a sanction a punishment tree rules 2 break gerund a punishment not said here a rule vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Patient
Meaning 3 Sanctions are actions by countries to punish another country, like stopping trade.
nsubj cop case nmod mark acl det obj punct mark advcl obj punct root Sanctions NOUN are AUX actions NOUN by ADP countries NOUN to PART punish VERB another DET country NOUN , PUNCT like SCONJ stopping VERB trade NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sanctions sanction NOUN Number=Plur 3 actions nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 actions cop 3 actions action NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 by by ADP _ 5 countries case 5 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 3 actions nmod 6 to to PART _ 7 punish mark 7 punish punish VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 actions acl 8 another another DET PronType=Ind 9 country det 9 country country NOUN Number=Sing 7 punish obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 stopping punct 11 like like SCONJ _ 12 stopping mark 12 stopping stop VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 punish advcl 13 trade trade NOUN Number=Sing 12 stopping obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 actions punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Sanctions actions by countries tree rules 2 punish to-infinitive another country vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent country=Patient 3 stop gerund trade vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality trade=Eventuality
Meaning 4 To sanction something is to allow it officially, or (also) to punish it.
The tree, 13 words mark advcl obj cop mark obj advmod punct cc punct advmod punct mark conj obj punct root To PART sanction VERB something PRON is AUX to PART allow VERB it PRON officially ADV , PUNCT or CCONJ ( PUNCT also ADV ) PUNCT to PART punish VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 sanction mark 2 sanction sanction VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 allow advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 sanction obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 allow cop 5 to to PART _ 6 allow mark 6 allow allow VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 allow obj 8 officially officially ADV _ 6 allow advmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 15 punish punct 10 or or CCONJ _ 15 punish cc 11 ( ( PUNCT _ 15 punish punct 12 also also ADV _ 15 punish advmod 13 ) ) PUNCT _ 12 also punct 14 to to PART _ 15 punish mark 15 punish punish VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 allow conj 16 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 punish obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 allow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sanction to-infinitive something vn allow-64.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Beneficiary 2 is present allow, officially property tree rules 3 punish to-infinitive it vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
Example 1 The school has rewards and sanctions.
det nsubj obj cc conj punct root The DET school NOUN has VERB rewards NOUN and CCONJ sanctions NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 school det 2 school school NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 rewards reward NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 sanctions cc 6 sanctions sanction NOUN Number=Plur 4 rewards conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the school rewards and sanctions vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reward=Patient
Example 2 Missing homework three times leads to a sanction.
amod nsubj nummod obl:unmarked case det obl punct root Missing ADJ homework NOUN three NUM times NOUN leads VERB to ADP a DET sanction NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Missing missing ADJ Degree=Pos 2 homework amod 2 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 5 leads nsubj 3 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 times nummod 4 times time NOUN Number=Plur 2 homework obl:unmarked 5 leads lead VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to ADP _ 8 sanction case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 sanction det 8 sanction sanction NOUN Number=Sing 5 leads obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 leads punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lead present Missing homework to a sanction vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to sanction=Patient
Example 3 The trip was sanctioned by the head teacher.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case det compound obl punct root The DET trip NOUN was AUX sanctioned VERB by ADP the DET head NOUN teacher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 trip det 2 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 4 sanctioned nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 sanctioned aux:pass 4 sanctioned sanction VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by ADP _ 8 teacher case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 teacher det 7 head head NOUN Number=Sing 8 teacher compound 8 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 4 sanctioned obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 sanctioned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sanction past · passive the head teacher the trip vn allow-64.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Beneficiary
Example 4 The country faced sanctions from its neighbours.
det nsubj obj case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET country NOUN faced VERB sanctions NOUN from ADP its PRON neighbours NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 country det 2 country country NOUN Number=Sing 3 faced nsubj 3 faced face VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 sanctions sanction NOUN Number=Plur 3 faced obj 5 from from ADP _ 7 neighbours case 6 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 neighbours nmod:poss 7 neighbours neighbour NOUN Number=Plur 3 faced obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 faced punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 face past the country sanctions country's neighbours vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme sanction=Destination
Example 5 You cannot change the rules without the sanction of the committee.
nsubj aux advmod det obj case det obl case det nmod punct root You PRON can AUX not PART change VERB the DET rules NOUN without ADP the DET sanction NOUN of ADP the DET committee NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 change nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 change aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 change advmod 4 change change VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 rules det 6 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 4 change obj 7 without without ADP _ 9 sanction case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 sanction det 9 sanction sanction NOUN Number=Sing 4 change obl 10 of of ADP _ 12 committee case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 committee det 12 committee committee NOUN Number=Sing 9 sanction nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 change punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not change can You the rules without the sanction of the committee vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient 2 sanction the committee nom sanction «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 6 The team was sanctioned for cheating.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct root The DET team NOUN was AUX sanctioned VERB for ADP cheating NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 team det 2 team team NOUN Number=Sing 4 sanctioned nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 sanctioned aux:pass 4 sanctioned sanction VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 for for ADP _ 6 cheating case 6 cheating cheating NOUN Number=Sing 4 sanctioned obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 sanctioned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sanction past · passive the team for cheating vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Patient for cheating=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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