sang Who acts: We, birds, choir, She, kettle, Everyone · What happens: make, form, sing, praise, be · To what, where: sing, high musical sound, Happy Birthday, Mum, window, 5 songs
«sang» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sang in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 The past simple form of «sing»: made musical sounds with the voice.
The tree, 12 words det amod amod case punct nmod punct punct amod amod conj case det nmod punct root The DET past ADJ simple ADJ form NOUN of ADP « PUNCT sing NOUN » PUNCT : PUNCT made VERB musical ADJ sounds NOUN with ADP the DET voice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 form det 2 past past ADJ Degree=Pos 4 form amod 3 simple simple ADJ Degree=Pos 4 form amod 4 form form NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 sing case 6 « « PUNCT _ 7 sing punct 7 sing sing NOUN Number=Sing 4 form nmod 8 » » PUNCT _ 7 sing punct 9 : : PUNCT _ 12 sounds punct 10 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 sounds amod 11 musical musical ADJ Degree=Pos 12 sounds amod 12 sounds sound NOUN Number=Plur 4 form conj 13 with with ADP _ 15 voice case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 voice det 15 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 12 sounds nmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 form punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make participle vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 2 form sing nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: of birds, kettles, wind — kept apart, not parsed.
Made a high, musical sound.
det amod punct amod obj punct root Made VERB a DET high ADJ , PUNCT musical ADJ sound NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 sound det 3 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 6 sound amod 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 high punct 5 musical musical ADJ Degree=Pos 6 sound amod 6 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 1 Made obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past a high musical sound vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product
Example 1 We sang «Happy Birthday» to Mum.
nsubj punct amod obj punct case obl punct root We PRON sang VERB « PUNCT Happy ADJ Birthday PROPN » PUNCT to ADP Mum NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 sang nsubj 2 sang sing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 « « PUNCT _ 5 Birthday punct 4 Happy happy ADJ Degree=Pos 5 Birthday amod 5 Birthday Birthday PROPN Number=Sing 2 sang obj 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 Birthday punct 7 to to ADP _ 8 Mum case 8 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 2 sang obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 sang punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express past We Happy Birthday Mum vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent birthday=Topic to mum=Recipient
Example 2 The birds sang outside my window.
det nsubj case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET birds NOUN sang VERB outside ADP my PRON window NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 birds det 2 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 3 sang nsubj 3 sang sing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 outside outside ADP _ 6 window case 5 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 window nmod:poss 6 window window NOUN Number=Sing 3 sang obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 sang punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express past the birds my window vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme outside window=Location
Example 3 The choir sang 5 songs in the concert.
det nsubj nummod obj case det obl punct root The DET choir NOUN sang VERB 5 NUM songs NOUN in ADP the DET concert NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 choir det 2 choir choir NOUN Number=Sing 3 sang nsubj 3 sang sing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 songs nummod 5 songs song NOUN Number=Plur 3 sang obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 concert case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 concert det 8 concert concert NOUN Number=Sing 3 sang obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 sang punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express past the choir 5 songs the concert vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme
Example 4 She sang along to the radio.
nsubj advmod case det obl punct root She PRON sang VERB along ADV to ADP the DET radio NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 sang nsubj 2 sang sing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 along along ADV _ 2 sang advmod 4 to to ADP _ 6 radio case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 radio det 6 radio radio NOUN Number=Sing 2 sang obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 sang punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express past She the radio along property vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to radio=Recipient
Example 5 The kettle sang on the stove.
det nsubj case det obl punct root The DET kettle NOUN sang VERB on ADP the DET stove NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 kettle det 2 kettle kettle NOUN Number=Sing 3 sang nsubj 3 sang sing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 on on ADP _ 6 stove case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 stove det 6 stove stove NOUN Number=Sing 3 sang obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 sang punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express past the kettle the stove vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on stove=Location
Example 6 Everyone sang the national anthem.
nsubj det amod obj punct root Everyone PRON sang VERB the DET national ADJ anthem NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 2 sang nsubj 2 sang sing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 anthem det 4 national national ADJ Degree=Pos 5 anthem amod 5 anthem anthem NOUN Number=Sing 2 sang obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 sang punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express past Everyone the national anthem vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location anthem=Theme
Example 7 The teacher sang our praises to the head.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root The DET teacher NOUN sang VERB our PRON praises NOUN to ADP the DET head NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 sang nsubj 3 sang sing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 praises nmod:poss 5 praises praise NOUN Number=Plur 3 sang obj 6 to to ADP _ 8 head case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 head det 8 head head NOUN Number=Sing 3 sang obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 sang punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express past the teacher our praises the head vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent praise=Topic to head=Recipient 2 praise our nom praise «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 8 These were the words he sang:
nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl punct root These PRON were AUX the DET words NOUN he PRON sang VERB : PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 These this PRON Number=Plur PronType=Dem 4 words nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 words cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 words det 4 words word NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 sang nsubj 6 sang sing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 words acl:relcl 7 : : PUNCT _ 4 words punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past These the words tree rules 2 sing speech: express past he the words not said here vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location word=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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