sarcasm Who acts: Sarcasm, you, he, She, teacher, Wendy · What happens: say, mean, make, show, be, pour · To what, where: opposite, mocking voice, fun, sarcasm, voice, people · Speech: someone speaks here
«sarcasm» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sarcasm in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Sarcasm is saying the opposite of what you mean, often in a mocking voice, to make fun of something or to show you are annoyed.
The tree, 25 words nsubj aux det obj case nmod nsubj acl:relcl punct advmod case det compound obl punct mark parataxis obj case nmod cc mark conj nsubj cop ccomp punct root Sarcasm NOUN is AUX saying VERB the DET opposite NOUN of ADP what PRON you PRON mean VERB , PUNCT often ADV in ADP a DET mocking NOUN voice NOUN , PUNCT to PART make VERB fun NOUN of ADP something PRON or CCONJ to PART show VERB you PRON are AUX annoyed ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sarcasm sarcasm NOUN Number=Sing 3 saying nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 saying aux 3 saying say VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 opposite det 5 opposite opposite NOUN Number=Sing 3 saying obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 what case 7 what what PRON PronType=Rel 5 opposite nmod 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 mean nsubj 9 mean mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 what acl:relcl 10 , , PUNCT _ 15 voice punct 11 often often ADV _ 15 voice advmod 12 in in ADP _ 15 voice case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 voice det 14 mocking mocking NOUN Number=Sing 15 voice compound 15 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 3 saying obl 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 make punct 17 to to PART _ 18 make mark 18 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 saying parataxis 19 fun fun NOUN Number=Sing 18 make obj 20 of of ADP _ 21 something case 21 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 19 fun nmod 22 or or CCONJ _ 24 show cc 23 to to PART _ 24 show mark 24 show show VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 18 make conj 25 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 27 annoyed nsubj 26 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 27 annoyed cop 27 annoyed annoyed ADJ Degree=Pos 24 show ccomp 28 . . PUNCT _ 3 saying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present · progressive Sarcasm the opposite a mocking voice vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent opposite=Theme in voice=Manner 2 mean present you vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 3 make to-infinitive fun of something vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset fun=Product 4 show to-infinitive vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 is present you annoyed property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 "Great weather for a picnic," he said with sarcasm, as it poured.
The tree, 12 words punct amod ccomp case det nmod punct punct nsubj case obl punct mark nsubj conj punct root " PUNCT Great ADJ weather NOUN for ADP a DET picnic NOUN , PUNCT " PUNCT he PRON said VERB with ADP sarcasm NOUN , PUNCT as SCONJ it PRON poured VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 weather punct 2 Great great ADJ Degree=Pos 3 weather amod 3 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 10 said ccomp 4 for for ADP _ 6 picnic case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 picnic det 6 picnic picnic NOUN Number=Sing 3 weather nmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 3 weather punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 3 weather punct 9 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 said nsubj 10 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 with with ADP _ 12 sarcasm case 12 sarcasm sarcasm NOUN Number=Sing 10 said obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 poured punct 14 as as SCONJ _ 16 poured mark 15 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 poured nsubj 16 poured pour VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 said conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 10 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past he with sarcasm vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent with sarcasm=Manner 2 pour past sarcasm vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source
Example 2 She did not notice the sarcasm in his voice.
nsubj aux advmod det obj case nmod:poss obl punct root She PRON did AUX not PART notice VERB the DET sarcasm NOUN in ADP his PRON voice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 notice nsubj 2 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 notice aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 notice advmod 4 notice notice VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 sarcasm det 6 sarcasm sarcasm NOUN Number=Sing 4 notice obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 voice case 8 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 voice nmod:poss 9 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 4 notice obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 notice punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not notice past · do-support She the sarcasm his voice vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer sarcasm=Stimulus
Example 3 Sarcasm can be funny, but it can also hurt people.
nsubj aux cop punct cc nsubj aux advmod conj obj punct root Sarcasm NOUN can AUX be AUX funny ADJ , PUNCT but CCONJ it PRON can AUX also ADV hurt VERB people NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sarcasm sarcasm NOUN Number=Sing 4 funny nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 funny aux 3 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 4 funny cop 4 funny funny ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 10 hurt punct 6 but but CCONJ _ 10 hurt cc 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 hurt nsubj 8 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 hurt aux 9 also also ADV _ 10 hurt advmod 10 hurt hurt VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 funny conj 11 people people NOUN Number=Plur 10 hurt obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 funny punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is can Sarcasm funny property tree rules 2 hurt can Sarcasm people vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer people=Patient
Example 4 "Oh, thanks a lot," she said, full of sarcasm.
The tree, 9 words punct discourse punct ccomp det obj punct punct nsubj punct ccomp case obl punct root " PUNCT Oh INTJ , PUNCT thanks VERB a DET lot NOUN , PUNCT " PUNCT she PRON said VERB , PUNCT full ADJ of ADP sarcasm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 thanks punct 2 Oh oh INTJ _ 4 thanks discourse 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Oh punct 4 thanks thank VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 said ccomp 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 lot det 6 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 4 thanks obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 4 thanks punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 4 thanks punct 9 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 said nsubj 10 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 full punct 12 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 10 said ccomp 13 of of ADP _ 14 sarcasm case 14 sarcasm sarcasm NOUN Number=Sing 12 full obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 10 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 thank speech: thank in a quote present a lot vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Theme 2 say speech: assert past she vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Example 5 It's hard to tell sarcasm in a text message.
expl cop mark xcomp obj case det compound obl punct root It PRON 's AUX hard ADJ to PART tell VERB sarcasm NOUN in ADP a DET text NOUN message NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 hard expl 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 hard cop 3 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to PART _ 5 tell mark 5 tell tell VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 hard xcomp 6 sarcasm sarcasm NOUN Number=Sing 5 tell obj 7 in in ADP _ 10 message case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 message det 9 text text NOUN Number=Sing 10 message compound 10 message message NOUN Number=Sing 5 tell obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 hard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present hard property tree rules 2 tell speech: assert to-infinitive sarcasm a text message vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent sarcasm=Recipient
Example 6 The teacher asked us not to use sarcasm in the debate.
det nsubj iobj advmod mark ccomp obj case det obl punct root The DET teacher NOUN asked VERB us PRON not PART to PART use VERB sarcasm NOUN in ADP the DET debate NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 asked nsubj 3 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 asked iobj 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 use advmod 6 to to PART _ 7 use mark 7 use use VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 asked ccomp 8 sarcasm sarcasm NOUN Number=Sing 7 use obj 9 in in ADP _ 11 debate case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 debate det 11 debate debate NOUN Number=Sing 7 use obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 asked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask past the teacher us vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic 2 not use not said to happen to-infinitive sarcasm the debate vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sarcasm=Patient
Example 7 But for the moment Wendy was shocked. “You conceit,” she exclaimed, with frightful sarcasm; “of course I did nothing!”
Sentence 1: But for the moment Wendy was shocked.
cc case det obl appos cop punct root But CCONJ for ADP the DET moment NOUN Wendy PROPN was AUX shocked ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 But but CCONJ _ 7 shocked cc 2 for for ADP _ 4 moment case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 moment det 4 moment moment NOUN Number=Sing 7 shocked obl 5 Wendy Wendy PROPN Number=Sing 4 moment appos 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 shocked cop 7 shocked shocked ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 shocked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past moment shocked property tree rules
Sentence 2: “You conceit,” she exclaimed, with frightful sarcasm; “of course I did nothing!”
The tree, 12 words punct nsubj punct punct nsubj ccomp punct case amod obl punct punct advmod fixed nsubj parataxis obj punct punct root “ PUNCT You PRON conceit VERB , PUNCT ” PUNCT she PRON exclaimed VERB , PUNCT with ADP frightful ADJ sarcasm NOUN ; PUNCT “ PUNCT of ADP course NOUN I PRON did VERB nothing PRON ! PUNCT ” PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 3 conceit punct 2 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 conceit nsubj 3 conceit conceit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 conceit punct 5 ” " PUNCT _ 3 conceit punct 6 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 exclaimed nsubj 7 exclaimed exclaim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 conceit ccomp 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 sarcasm punct 9 with with ADP _ 11 sarcasm case 10 frightful frightful ADJ Degree=Pos 11 sarcasm amod 11 sarcasm sarcasm NOUN Number=Sing 7 exclaimed obl 12 ; ; PUNCT _ 17 did punct 13 “ " PUNCT _ 17 did punct 14 of of ADP ExtPos=ADV 17 did advmod 15 course course NOUN Number=Sing 14 of fixed 16 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 17 did nsubj 17 did do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 conceit parataxis 18 nothing nothing PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 17 did obj 19 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 conceit punct 20 ” " PUNCT _ 3 conceit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 conceit in a quote present You tree rules 2 exclaim speech: express past Wendy with frightful sarcasm vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent 3 do in a quote past I nothing vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Eventuality
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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