sardine Who acts: sardine, We, bus, Dolphins, tin, Sardines · What happens: be, eat, pack, mean, squash, have · To what, where: small silvery sea fish, tin, sardines, toast, we, shoals · Speech: someone speaks here
«sardine» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sardine in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A sardine is a small, silvery sea fish, often eaten from a tin.
The tree, 13 words det nsubj cop det amod punct amod compound punct advmod acl case det obl punct root A DET sardine NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ , PUNCT silvery ADJ sea NOUN fish NOUN , PUNCT often ADV eaten VERB from ADP a DET tin NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sardine det 2 sardine sardine NOUN Number=Sing 9 fish nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 fish cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 fish det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 9 fish amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 small punct 7 silvery silvery ADJ Degree=Pos 9 fish amod 8 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 9 fish compound 9 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 eaten punct 11 often often ADV _ 12 eaten advmod 12 eaten eat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 fish acl 13 from from ADP _ 15 tin case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 tin det 15 tin tin NOUN Number=Sing 12 eaten obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 9 fish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a sardine a small silvery sea fish tree rules 2 eat participle a small silvery sea fish not said here a tin often property vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from tin=Source
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: idiom — kept apart, not parsed.
«Packed like sardines» means squashed very tightly together.
punct csubj case obl punct ccomp advmod advmod advmod punct root « PUNCT Packed VERB like ADP sardines NOUN » PUNCT means VERB squashed VERB very ADV tightly ADV together ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Packed punct 2 Packed pack VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 means csubj 3 like like ADP _ 4 sardines case 4 sardines sardine NOUN Number=Plur 2 Packed obl 5 » » PUNCT _ 2 Packed punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 squashed squash VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 means ccomp 8 very very ADV _ 9 tightly advmod 9 tightly tightly ADV _ 10 together advmod 10 together together ADV _ 7 squashed advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pack in a quote participle like sardines vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 squash participle together property vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme
Example 1 We had sardines on toast for tea.
nsubj obj case obl case obl punct root We PRON had VERB sardines NOUN on ADP toast NOUN for ADP tea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 sardines sardine NOUN Number=Plur 2 had obj 4 on on ADP _ 5 toast case 5 toast toast NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obl 6 for for ADP _ 7 tea case 7 tea tea NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past We sardines toast for tea vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sardine=Patient
Example 2 The bus was full; we were packed like sardines.
det nsubj cop punct nsubj aux:pass conj case obl punct root The DET bus NOUN was AUX full ADJ ; PUNCT we PRON were AUX packed VERB like ADP sardines NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bus det 2 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 4 full nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 full cop 4 full full ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 8 packed punct 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 packed nsubj 7 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 packed aux:pass 8 packed pack VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 full conj 9 like like ADP _ 10 sardines case 10 sardines sardine NOUN Number=Plur 8 packed obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 full punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the bus full property tree rules 2 pack past · passive we like sardines vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: subject=Destination
Example 3 Dolphins chase shoals of sardines.
nsubj obj case nmod punct root Dolphins NOUN chase VERB shoals NOUN of ADP sardines NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dolphins dolphin NOUN Number=Plur 2 chase nsubj 2 chase chase VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 shoals shoal NOUN Number=Plur 2 chase obj 4 of of ADP _ 5 sardines case 5 sardines sardine NOUN Number=Plur 3 shoals nmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 chase punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chase present Dolphins shoals of sardines vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoal=Theme
Example 4 A tin holds 6 sardines; how many in 4 tins? (24)
Sentence 1: A tin holds 6 sardines; how many in 4 tins?
det nsubj nummod obj punct advmod obl case nummod nmod punct root A DET tin NOUN holds VERB 6 NUM sardines NOUN ; PUNCT how ADV many ADJ in ADP 4 NUM tins NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 tin det 2 tin tin NOUN Number=Sing 3 holds nsubj 3 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 sardines nummod 5 sardines sardine NOUN Number=Plur 3 holds obj 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 8 many punct 7 how how ADV PronType=Int 8 many advmod 8 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 holds obl 9 in in ADP _ 11 tins case 10 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 11 tins nummod 11 tins tin NOUN Number=Plur 8 many nmod 12 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 holds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present a tin 6 sardines many in 4 tins obl vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sardine=Theme
Sentence 2: (24)
punct punct root ( PUNCT 24 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 24 punct 2 24 24 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card root root 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 24 punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 5 At the party we played sardines.
case det obl nsubj obj punct root At ADP the DET party NOUN we PRON played VERB sardines NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 At at ADP _ 3 party case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 party det 3 party party NOUN Number=Sing 5 played obl 4 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 played nsubj 5 played play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 sardines sardine NOUN Number=Plur 5 played obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 played punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play past we sardines the party vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sardine=Theme
Example 6 Sardines are oily fish and are good for you.
nsubj cop amod cc cop conj case obl punct root Sardines NOUN are AUX oily ADJ fish NOUN and CCONJ are AUX good ADJ for ADP you PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sardines sardine NOUN Number=Plur 4 fish nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 fish cop 3 oily oily ADJ Degree=Pos 4 fish amod 4 fish fish NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 good cc 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 good cop 7 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 4 fish conj 8 for for ADP _ 9 you case 9 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 good obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 fish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Sardines oily fish tree rules 2 is present Sardines not said here for you; good property tree rules
Example 7 In fact the wagon was so closely packed with boys of all ages that it looked like a box of sardines.
The tree, 21 words case obl det nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod advmod case obl case det nmod mark nsubj advcl case det obl case nmod punct root In ADP fact NOUN the DET wagon NOUN was AUX so ADV closely ADV packed VERB with ADP boys NOUN of ADP all DET ages NOUN that SCONJ it PRON looked VERB like ADP a DET box NOUN of ADP sardines NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 fact case 2 fact fact NOUN Number=Sing 8 packed obl 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 wagon det 4 wagon wagon NOUN Number=Sing 8 packed nsubj:pass 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 packed aux:pass 6 so so ADV _ 8 packed advmod 7 closely closely ADV _ 8 packed advmod 8 packed pack VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 9 with with ADP _ 10 boys case 10 boys boy NOUN Number=Plur 8 packed obl 11 of of ADP _ 13 ages case 12 all all DET PronType=Tot 13 ages det 13 ages age NOUN Number=Plur 10 boys nmod 14 that that SCONJ _ 16 looked mark 15 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 looked nsubj 16 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 packed advcl 17 like like ADP _ 19 box case 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 box det 19 box box NOUN Number=Sing 16 looked obl 20 of of ADP _ 21 sardines case 21 sardines sardine NOUN Number=Plur 19 box nmod 22 . . PUNCT _ 8 packed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pack past · passive the wagon fact with boys of all ages; closely property vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in fact=Destination 2 look past wagon like a box of sardines vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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