sawfish Who acts: sawfish, It, some, we, teeth · What happens: be, edge, use, find, stun, slash · To what, where: large ray, long flat snout, saw, small fish, mud, long saw
«sawfish» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sawfish in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A sawfish is a large ray, a kind of flat fish related to sharks, with a long flat snout edged with sharp teeth like a saw.
The tree, 26 words det nsubj cop det amod punct det conj case amod nmod amod case obl punct case det amod amod conj acl case amod obl case det nmod punct root A DET sawfish NOUN is AUX a DET large ADJ ray NOUN , PUNCT a DET kind NOUN of ADP flat ADJ fish NOUN related ADJ to ADP sharks NOUN , PUNCT with ADP a DET long ADJ flat ADJ snout NOUN edged VERB with ADP sharp ADJ teeth NOUN like ADP a DET saw NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sawfish det 2 sawfish sawfish NOUN Number=Sing 6 ray nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 ray cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 ray det 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 6 ray amod 6 ray ray NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 kind punct 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 kind det 9 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 6 ray conj 10 of of ADP _ 12 fish case 11 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 12 fish amod 12 fish fish NOUN Number=Plur 9 kind nmod 13 related related ADJ Degree=Pos 12 fish amod 14 to to ADP _ 15 sharks case 15 sharks shark NOUN Number=Plur 13 related obl 16 , , PUNCT _ 21 snout punct 17 with with ADP _ 21 snout case 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 snout det 19 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 21 snout amod 20 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 21 snout amod 21 snout snout NOUN Number=Sing 6 ray conj 22 edged edge VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 21 snout acl 23 with with ADP _ 25 teeth case 24 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 25 teeth amod 25 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 22 edged obl 26 like like ADP _ 28 saw case 27 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 28 saw det 28 saw saw NOUN Number=Sing 25 teeth nmod 29 . . PUNCT _ 6 ray punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a sawfish a large ray and a kind of flat fish and a long flat snout tree rules 2 edge participle a long flat snout not said here with sharp teeth like a saw vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with tooth=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 It uses its saw to find, stun and slash small fish and to dig for food in mud.
The tree, 18 words nsubj nmod:poss obj mark advcl punct conj cc conj amod obj cc mark conj case obl case obl punct root It PRON uses VERB its PRON saw NOUN to PART find VERB , PUNCT stun VERB and CCONJ slash VERB small ADJ fish NOUN and CCONJ to PART dig VERB for ADP food NOUN in ADP mud NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 uses nsubj 2 uses use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 saw nmod:poss 4 saw saw NOUN Number=Sing 2 uses obj 5 to to PART _ 6 find mark 6 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 uses advcl 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 stun punct 8 stun stun VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 find conj 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 slash cc 10 slash slash VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 stun conj 11 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 12 fish amod 12 fish fish NOUN Number=Plur 10 slash obj 13 and and CCONJ _ 15 dig cc 14 to to PART _ 15 dig mark 15 dig dig VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 slash conj 16 for for ADP _ 17 food case 17 food food NOUN Number=Sing 15 dig obl 18 in in ADP _ 19 mud case 19 mud mud NOUN Number=Sing 15 dig obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 2 uses punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present It its saw vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent saw=Patient 2 find to-infinitive vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent 3 stun infinitive vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 4 slash infinitive small fish vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Patient 5 dig to-infinitive mud for food vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for food=Theme in mud=Location
Example 1 The sawfish swung its long saw through a shoal of little fish.
det nsubj nmod:poss amod obj case det obl case amod nmod punct root The DET sawfish NOUN swung VERB its PRON long ADJ saw NOUN through ADP a DET shoal NOUN of ADP little ADJ fish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sawfish det 2 sawfish sawfish NOUN Number=Sing 3 swung nsubj 3 swung swing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 saw nmod:poss 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 6 saw amod 6 saw saw NOUN Number=Sing 3 swung obj 7 through through ADP _ 9 shoal case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 shoal det 9 shoal shoal NOUN Number=Sing 3 swung obl 10 of of ADP _ 12 fish case 11 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 12 fish amod 12 fish fish NOUN Number=Plur 9 shoal nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 swung punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swing past the sawfish sawfish's long saw a shoal of little fish vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent saw=Theme through shoal=Trajectory
Example 2 A sawfish can grow longer than a car.
det nsubj aux advmod case det obl punct root A DET sawfish NOUN can AUX grow VERB longer ADV than ADP a DET car NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sawfish det 2 sawfish sawfish NOUN Number=Sing 4 grow nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 grow aux 4 grow grow VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 longer long ADV Degree=Cmp 4 grow advmod 6 than than ADP _ 8 car case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 car det 8 car car NOUN Number=Sing 5 longer obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow can a sawfish long property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 The sawfish is a kind of ray, not a shark.
det nsubj cop det case nmod punct advmod det conj punct root The DET sawfish NOUN is AUX a DET kind NOUN of ADP ray NOUN , PUNCT not PART a DET shark NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sawfish det 2 sawfish sawfish NOUN Number=Sing 5 kind nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 kind cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 kind det 5 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 ray case 7 ray ray NOUN Number=Sing 5 kind nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 shark punct 9 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 shark advmod 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 shark det 11 shark shark NOUN Number=Sing 5 kind conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 kind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the sawfish a kind and a shark of ray tree rules
Example 4 Sawfish live in warm seas and some even swim up rivers.
nsubj case amod obl cc nsubj advmod conj compound:prt obj punct root Sawfish NOUN live VERB in ADP warm ADJ seas NOUN and CCONJ some DET even ADV swim VERB up ADP rivers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sawfish sawfish NOUN Number=Plur 2 live nsubj 2 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 seas case 4 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 5 seas amod 5 seas sea NOUN Number=Plur 2 live obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 9 swim cc 7 some some DET PronType=Ind 9 swim nsubj 8 even even ADV _ 9 swim advmod 9 swim swim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 live conj 10 up up ADP _ 9 swim compound:prt 11 rivers river NOUN Number=Plur 9 swim obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present Sawfish warm seas vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Location 2 swim up present some rivers vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme river=Trajectory
Example 5 Sawfish are endangered because their saws get tangled in nets.
nsubj cop mark nmod:poss nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl case obl punct root Sawfish NOUN are AUX endangered ADJ because SCONJ their PRON saws NOUN get AUX tangled VERB in ADP nets NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sawfish sawfish NOUN Number=Plur 3 endangered nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 endangered cop 3 endangered endangered ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 because because SCONJ _ 8 tangled mark 5 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 saws nmod:poss 6 saws saw NOUN Number=Plur 8 tangled nsubj:pass 7 get get AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 tangled aux:pass 8 tangled tangle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 endangered advcl 9 in in ADP _ 10 nets case 10 nets net NOUN Number=Plur 8 tangled obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 endangered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Sawfish endangered property tree rules 2 tangle present · passive Sawfish's saws nets tree rules
Example 6 At the aquarium we watched a sawfish glide along the bottom.
case det obl nsubj det compound obj case det obl punct root At ADP the DET aquarium NOUN we PRON watched VERB a DET sawfish NOUN glide NOUN along ADP the DET bottom NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 At at ADP _ 3 aquarium case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 aquarium det 3 aquarium aquarium NOUN Number=Sing 5 watched obl 4 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 watched nsubj 5 watched watch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 glide det 7 sawfish sawfish NOUN Number=Sing 8 glide compound 8 glide glide NOUN Number=Sing 5 watched obj 9 along along ADP _ 11 bottom case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 bottom det 11 bottom bottom NOUN Number=Sing 5 watched obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 watched punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 watch past we a sawfish glide the aquarium along the bottom vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glide=Theme
Example 7 The teeth on a sawfish's snout are really special scales.
det nsubj case det nmod:poss case nmod cop advmod amod punct root The DET teeth NOUN on ADP a DET sawfish NOUN 's PART snout NOUN are AUX really ADV special ADJ scales NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teeth det 2 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 11 scales nsubj 3 on on ADP _ 7 snout case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 sawfish det 5 sawfish sawfish NOUN Number=Sing 7 snout nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 sawfish case 7 snout snout NOUN Number=Sing 2 teeth nmod 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 scales cop 9 really really ADV _ 11 scales advmod 10 special special ADJ Degree=Pos 11 scales amod 11 scales scale NOUN Number=Plur root root 12 . . PUNCT _ 11 scales punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the teeth on a sawfish's snout special scales tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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