sculling

Who acts: Moving, She, we, He, aunt · What happens: row, move, stay, drink, win, practise · To what, where: boat, hands, water, whole drink, medal, single sculling

«sculling» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sculling in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Rowing a boat with two oars, one in each hand, or a single oar at the back of the boat.

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rowing	row	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 one	csubj
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 boat	det
3	boat	boat	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Rowing	obj
4	with	with	ADP	_	6 oars	case
5	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 oars	nummod
6	oars	oar	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Rowing	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 one	punct
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	root	root
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 hand	case
10	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	11 hand	det
11	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 one	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 oar	punct
13	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 oar	cc
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 oar	det
15	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 oar	amod
16	oar	oar	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 one	conj
17	at	at	ADP	_	19 back	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 back	det
19	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 oar	nmod
20	of	of	ADP	_	22 boat	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 boat	det
22	boat	boat	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 back	nmod
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 one	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	row	gerund		a boat				with two oars	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent boat=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: swimming — kept apart, not parsed.

Moving your hands back and forth in the water to stay still or move gently.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 stay	csubj
2	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 hands	nmod:poss
3	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Moving	obj
4	back	back	ADV	_	1 Moving	advmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 forth	cc
6	forth	forth	ADV	_	4 back	conj
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 water	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 water	det
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Moving	obl
10	to	to	PART	_	11 stay	mark
11	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
12	still	still	ADV	_	11 stay	advmod
13	or	or	CCONJ	_	14 move	cc
14	move	move	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 stay	conj
15	gently	gently	ADV	_	14 move	advmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 stay	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	gerund		your hands	the water			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hand=Theme
2	stay	to-infinitive	Moving			still		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	move	infinitive	Moving not said here				gently property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Meaning 3

Usage: Australia, slang — kept apart, not parsed.

Drinking a whole drink very fast in one go (adults, often beer).

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Drinking	drink	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 drink	det
3	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 drink	amod
4	drink	drink	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Drinking	obj
5	very	very	ADV	_	6 fast	advmod
6	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	1 Drinking	advmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 go	case
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 go	nummod
9	go	go	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fast	obl
10	(	(	PUNCT	_	11 adults	punct
11	adults	adult	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 go	appos
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 beer	punct
13	often	often	ADV	_	14 beer	advmod
14	beer	beer	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 adults	conj
15	)	)	PUNCT	_	11 adults	punct
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Drinking	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drink	gerund		a whole drink				fast property	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drink=Patient

Example 1

She won a medal in single sculling.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 won	nsubj
2	won	win	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 medal	det
4	medal	medal	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 won	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 sculling	case
6	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 sculling	amod
7	sculling	sculling	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 won	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 won	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	win	past	She	a medal		single sculling			vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent medal=Eventuality

Example 2

In swimming we practised sculling to stay afloat.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 swimming	case
2	swimming	swimming	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 practised	obl
3	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 practised	nsubj
4	practised	practise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	sculling	scull	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 practised	xcomp
6	to	to	PART	_	7 stay	mark
7	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 sculling	xcomp
8	afloat	afloat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 stay	xcomp
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 practised	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	practise	past	we	swimming		tree rules
2	scull	gerund	we not said here			tree rules
3	stay	to-infinitive	we not said here		afloat property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 3

The sculling boat glided along the river.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 boat	det
2	sculling	sculling	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 boat	compound
3	boat	boat	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	glided	glide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 boat	acl
5	along	along	ADP	_	7 river	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 river	det
7	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 glided	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 boat	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	glide	participle		the sculling boat not said here		the river			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along river=Trajectory

Example 4

He was sculling with both hands to keep still.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 sculling	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 sculling	aux
3	sculling	scull	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	6 hands	case
5	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	6 hands	det
6	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sculling	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 keep	mark
8	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 sculling	advcl
9	still	still	ADV	_	8 keep	advmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 sculling	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	scull	past · progressive	He					with both hands	tree rules
2	keep	to-infinitive	He not said here				still		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Example 5

My aunt goes sculling on the Thames every Sunday.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 aunt	nmod:poss
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 goes	nsubj
3	goes	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	sculling	scull	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 goes	xcomp
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 Thames	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Thames	det
7	Thames	Thames	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 sculling	obl
8	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	9 Sunday	det
9	Sunday	Sunday	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 sculling	obl:unmarked
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 goes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	present	My aunt						vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	scull	gerund	My aunt not said here			the Thames	sunday		tree rules

Example 6

Sculling uses two oars, one in each hand.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sculling	scull	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 uses	nsubj
2	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 oars	nummod
4	oars	oar	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 uses	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 one	punct
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 oars	appos
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 hand	case
8	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	9 hand	det
9	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 one	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 uses	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	scull	gerund							tree rules
2	use	present		two oars					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oar=Patient

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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