serious Who acts: Serious, serious person, you, serious cut, Grandpa, teacher · What happens: mean, worry, be, not joke, laugh, not pretend · To what, where: it, careful thought, doctor, serious look, face, letter
«serious» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: serious in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Serious means bad or dangerous enough to worry about: a serious illness, a serious accident.
The tree, 15 words nsubj xcomp cc conj advmod mark advcl obl punct det amod parataxis punct det amod conj punct root Serious ADJ means VERB bad ADJ or CCONJ dangerous ADJ enough ADV to PART worry VERB about ADP : PUNCT a DET serious ADJ illness NOUN , PUNCT a DET serious ADJ accident NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 dangerous cc 5 dangerous dangerous ADJ Degree=Pos 3 bad conj 6 enough enough ADV _ 5 dangerous advmod 7 to to PART _ 8 worry mark 8 worry worry VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 dangerous advcl 9 about about ADP _ 8 worry obl 10 : : PUNCT _ 13 illness punct 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 illness det 12 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 13 illness amod 13 illness illness NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 accident punct 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 accident det 16 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 17 accident amod 17 accident accident NOUN Number=Sing 13 illness conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Serious bad property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 worry to-infinitive Serious not said here vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A serious person is thoughtful and not joking or laughing.
det amod nsubj cop cc advmod conj cc conj punct root A DET serious ADJ person NOUN is AUX thoughtful ADJ and CCONJ not PART joking VERB or CCONJ laughing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 person det 2 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 3 person amod 3 person person NOUN Number=Sing 5 thoughtful nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 thoughtful cop 5 thoughtful thoughtful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 8 joking cc 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 joking advmod 8 joking joke VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 thoughtful conj 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 laughing cc 10 laughing laugh VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 joking conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 thoughtful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a serious person thoughtful property tree rules 2 not joke speech: other gerund a serious person not said here vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 laugh gerund a serious person not said here vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 If you are serious about something, you really mean it and are not pretending.
The tree, 14 words mark nsubj cop advcl case obl punct nsubj advmod obj cc aux advmod conj punct root If SCONJ you PRON are AUX serious ADJ about ADP something PRON , PUNCT you PRON really ADV mean VERB it PRON and CCONJ are AUX not PART pretending VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 4 serious mark 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 serious nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 serious cop 4 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 10 mean advcl 5 about about ADP _ 6 something case 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 serious obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 4 serious punct 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 mean nsubj 9 really really ADV _ 10 mean advmod 10 mean mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 mean obj 12 and and CCONJ _ 15 pretending cc 13 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 pretending aux 14 not not PART Polarity=Neg 15 pretending advmod 15 pretending pretend VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 mean conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 10 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a condition, not said to happen present you about something; serious property tree rules 2 mean present you it vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic 3 not pretend present · progressive you not said here tree rules
Meaning 4 Serious can mean important and needing careful thought: a serious talk.
nsubj aux xcomp cc conj amod obj punct det amod parataxis punct root Serious ADJ can AUX mean VERB important ADJ and CCONJ needing VERB careful ADJ thought NOUN : PUNCT a DET serious ADJ talk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 3 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 important important ADJ Degree=Pos 3 mean xcomp 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 needing cc 6 needing need VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 important conj 7 careful careful ADJ Degree=Pos 8 thought amod 8 thought thought NOUN Number=Sing 6 needing obj 9 : : PUNCT _ 12 talk punct 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 talk det 11 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 12 talk amod 12 talk talk NOUN Number=Sing 3 mean parataxis 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Serious important property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 need gerund Serious not said here careful thought vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot thought=Theme
Example 1 A serious cut needs a doctor, not just a plaster.
det amod nsubj det obj punct advmod advmod det conj punct root A DET serious ADJ cut NOUN needs VERB a DET doctor NOUN , PUNCT not PART just ADV a DET plaster NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 cut det 2 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 3 cut amod 3 cut cut NOUN Number=Sing 4 needs nsubj 4 needs need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 doctor det 6 doctor doctor NOUN Number=Sing 4 needs obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 plaster punct 8 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 plaster advmod 9 just just ADV _ 11 plaster advmod 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 plaster det 11 plaster plaster NOUN Number=Sing 6 doctor conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 needs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need present a serious cut a doctor and a plaster vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot doctor=Theme
Example 2 Grandpa had a serious look on his face when he read the letter.
nsubj det amod obj case nmod:poss obl advmod nsubj advcl det obj punct root Grandpa PROPN had VERB a DET serious ADJ look NOUN on ADP his PRON face NOUN when ADV he PRON read VERB the DET letter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa Grandpa PROPN Number=Sing 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 look det 4 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 5 look amod 5 look look NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 face case 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 face nmod:poss 8 face face NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obl 9 when when ADV PronType=Int 11 read advmod 10 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 read nsubj 11 read read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 had advcl 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 letter det 13 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 11 read obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past Grandpa a serious look Grandpa's face vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent look=Patient 2 read past Grandpa the letter vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Topic
Example 3 Are you serious? You really saw a fox in the garden?
Sentence 1: Are you serious?
cop nsubj punct root Are AUX you PRON serious ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 serious cop 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 serious nsubj 3 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 serious punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present you serious property tree rules
Sentence 2: You really saw a fox in the garden?
nsubj advmod det obj case det obl punct root You PRON really ADV saw VERB a DET fox NOUN in ADP the DET garden NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 saw nsubj 2 really really ADV _ 3 saw advmod 3 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 fox det 5 fox fox NOUN Number=Sing 3 saw obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 garden case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 garden det 8 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 3 saw obl 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past You a fox the garden vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer fox=Stimulus
Example 4 The teacher wants to have a serious talk with the class about bullying.
det nsubj mark xcomp det amod obj case det nmod case nmod punct root The DET teacher NOUN wants VERB to PART have VERB a DET serious ADJ talk NOUN with ADP the DET class NOUN about ADP bullying NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 wants nsubj 3 wants want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 have mark 5 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 wants xcomp 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 talk det 7 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 8 talk amod 8 talk talk NOUN Number=Sing 5 have obj 9 with with ADP _ 11 class case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 class det 11 class class NOUN Number=Sing 8 talk nmod 12 about about ADP _ 13 bullying case 13 bullying bullying NOUN Number=Sing 11 class nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 wants punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 want present the teacher vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 have not said to happen to-infinitive the teacher not said here a serious talk with the class about bullying vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent talk=Patient
Example 5 Take fire alarms seriously and leave the building straight away.
compound obj advmod cc conj det obj advmod advmod punct root Take VERB fire NOUN alarms NOUN seriously ADV and CCONJ leave VERB the DET building NOUN straight ADV away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 3 alarms compound 3 alarms alarm NOUN Number=Plur 1 Take obj 4 seriously seriously ADV _ 1 Take advmod 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 leave cc 6 leave leave VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Take conj 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 building det 8 building building NOUN Number=Sing 6 leave obj 9 straight straight ADV _ 10 away advmod 10 away away ADV _ 6 leave advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take imperative you not said here fire alarms seriously property vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent alarm=Theme 2 leave infinitive you not said here the building away property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent building=Theme
Example 6 She is serious about learning the piano and practises every day.
nsubj cop mark advcl det obj cc conj det obl:unmarked punct root She PRON is AUX serious ADJ about SCONJ learning VERB the DET piano NOUN and CCONJ practises VERB every DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 serious nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 serious cop 3 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 about about SCONJ _ 5 learning mark 5 learning learn VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 serious advcl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 piano det 7 piano piano NOUN Number=Sing 5 learning obj 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 practises cc 9 practises practise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 serious conj 10 every every DET PronType=Tot 11 day det 11 day day NOUN Number=Sing 9 practises obl:unmarked 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 serious punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present She serious property tree rules 2 learn gerund She not said here the piano vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piano=Topic 3 practise present She not said here day tree rules
Example 7 The flood caused serious damage to the town.
det nsubj amod obj case det nmod punct root The DET flood NOUN caused VERB serious ADJ damage NOUN to ADP the DET town NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 flood det 2 flood flood NOUN Number=Sing 3 caused nsubj 3 caused cause VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 5 damage amod 5 damage damage NOUN Number=Sing 3 caused obj 6 to to ADP _ 8 town case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 town det 8 town town NOUN Number=Sing 5 damage nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 caused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause past the flood serious damage to the town vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition damage=Patient
Example 8 He tried to stay serious, but he started to giggle.
nsubj mark xcomp xcomp punct cc nsubj conj mark xcomp punct root He PRON tried VERB to PART stay VERB serious ADJ , PUNCT but CCONJ he PRON started VERB to PART giggle VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 tried nsubj 2 tried try VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 stay mark 4 stay stay VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 tried xcomp 5 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 4 stay xcomp 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 started punct 7 but but CCONJ _ 9 started cc 8 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 started nsubj 9 started start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 tried conj 10 to to PART _ 11 giggle mark 11 giggle giggle VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 started xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 tried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 try past He vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 stay not said to happen to-infinitive He not said here serious property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 start past he vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 4 giggle to-infinitive he not said here vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 9 It was a serious matter for him.
nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct root It PRON was AUX a DET serious ADJ matter NOUN for ADP him PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 matter nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 matter cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 matter det 4 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 5 matter amod 5 matter matter NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 for for ADP _ 7 him case 7 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 matter nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 matter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past It a serious matter for him = he tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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