shale Who acts: Shale, clay, companies, you, We, path · What happens: be, make, harden, split, drill, tap · To what, where: soft grey rock, thin flat layers, source, that, cliff, thin flakes
«shale» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: shale in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Shale is a soft grey or dark rock made of hardened mud or clay that splits easily into thin flat layers.
The tree, 21 words nsubj cop det amod amod cc conj acl case amod obl cc conj nsubj acl:relcl advmod case amod amod obl punct root Shale NOUN is AUX a DET soft ADJ grey ADJ or CCONJ dark ADJ rock NOUN made VERB of ADP hardened VERB mud NOUN or CCONJ clay NOUN that PRON splits VERB easily ADV into ADP thin ADJ flat ADJ layers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shale shale NOUN Number=Sing 8 rock nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 rock cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 rock det 4 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 8 rock amod 5 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 8 rock amod 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 dark cc 7 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 5 grey conj 8 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 rock acl 10 of of ADP _ 12 mud case 11 hardened harden VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 mud amod 12 mud mud NOUN Number=Sing 9 made obl 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 clay cc 14 clay clay NOUN Number=Sing 12 mud conj 15 that that PRON PronType=Rel 16 splits nsubj 16 splits split VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 clay acl:relcl 17 easily easily ADV _ 16 splits advmod 18 into into ADP _ 21 layers case 19 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 21 layers amod 20 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 21 layers amod 21 layers layer NOUN Number=Plur 16 splits obl 22 . . PUNCT _ 8 rock punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Shale a soft grey rock tree rules 2 make participle a soft grey rock not said here of hardened mud or clay vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 3 harden participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 4 split present clay into thin flat layers result ; easily property vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient into layer=Result
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Shale is also a source of oil and gas that companies drill for.
nsubj cop advmod det case nmod cc conj obj nsubj parataxis obl punct root Shale NOUN is AUX also ADV a DET source NOUN of ADP oil NOUN and CCONJ gas NOUN that PRON companies NOUN drill VERB for ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shale shale NOUN Number=Sing 5 source nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 source cop 3 also also ADV _ 5 source advmod 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 source det 5 source source NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 oil case 7 oil oil NOUN Number=Sing 5 source nmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 gas cc 9 gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 7 oil conj 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 drill obj 11 companies company NOUN Number=Plur 12 drill nsubj 12 drill drill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 source parataxis 13 for for ADP _ 12 drill obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 source punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Shale a source of oil and gas tree rules 2 drill present companies that vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Patient
Example 1 The cliff was made of crumbly grey shale.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case amod amod obl punct root The DET cliff NOUN was AUX made VERB of ADP crumbly ADJ grey ADJ shale NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cliff det 2 cliff cliff NOUN Number=Sing 4 made nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 made aux:pass 4 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 of of ADP _ 8 shale case 6 crumbly crumbly ADJ Degree=Pos 8 shale amod 7 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 8 shale amod 8 shale shale NOUN Number=Sing 4 made obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past · passive the cliff of crumbly grey shale vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
Example 2 Shale splits into thin flakes when you tap it.
nsubj case amod obl advmod nsubj advcl obj punct root Shale NOUN splits VERB into ADP thin ADJ flakes NOUN when ADV you PRON tap VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shale shale NOUN Number=Sing 2 splits nsubj 2 splits split VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 into into ADP _ 5 flakes case 4 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 5 flakes amod 5 flakes flake NOUN Number=Plur 2 splits obl 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 8 tap advmod 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 tap nsubj 8 tap tap VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 splits advcl 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 tap obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 splits punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 split present Shale into thin flakes result vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient into flake=Result 2 tap present you Shale vn investigate-35.4 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent it=Location
Example 3 We found a fossil fern in a piece of shale.
nsubj det compound obj case det obl case nmod punct root We PRON found VERB a DET fossil NOUN fern NOUN in ADP a DET piece NOUN of ADP shale NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 found nsubj 2 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 fern det 4 fossil fossil NOUN Number=Sing 5 fern compound 5 fern fern NOUN Number=Sing 2 found obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 piece case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 piece det 8 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing 2 found obl 9 of of ADP _ 10 shale case 10 shale shale NOUN Number=Sing 8 piece nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past We a fossil fern a piece of shale vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fern=Topic
Example 4 Shale is a sedimentary rock made from mud.
nsubj cop det amod acl case obl punct root Shale NOUN is AUX a DET sedimentary ADJ rock NOUN made VERB from ADP mud NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shale shale NOUN Number=Sing 5 rock nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 rock cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 rock det 4 sedimentary sedimentary ADJ Degree=Pos 5 rock amod 5 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 rock acl 7 from from ADP _ 8 mud case 8 mud mud NOUN Number=Sing 6 made obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 rock punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Shale a sedimentary rock tree rules 2 make participle a sedimentary rock not said here mud vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from mud=Material
Example 5 Some companies drill deep into shale to get gas.
det nsubj advmod case obl mark advcl obj punct root Some DET companies NOUN drill VERB deep ADV into ADP shale NOUN to PART get VERB gas NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 companies det 2 companies company NOUN Number=Plur 3 drill nsubj 3 drill drill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 deep deep ADV _ 3 drill advmod 5 into into ADP _ 6 shale case 6 shale shale NOUN Number=Sing 3 drill obl 7 to to PART _ 8 get mark 8 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 drill advcl 9 gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 8 get obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 drill punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drill present some companies shale deep property vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient 2 get to-infinitive some companies not said here gas vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer gas=Stimulus
Example 6 The path was slippery with loose shale.
det nsubj cop case amod obl punct root The DET path NOUN was AUX slippery ADJ with ADP loose ADJ shale NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 path det 2 path path NOUN Number=Sing 4 slippery nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 slippery cop 4 slippery slippery ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 with with ADP _ 7 shale case 6 loose loose ADJ Degree=Pos 7 shale amod 7 shale shale NOUN Number=Sing 4 slippery obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 slippery punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the path with loose shale; slippery property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous shakynext → shallow↑ back to S in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/shale/