shard

Who acts: ground, shard, cup, you, me, archaeologists · What happens: break, find, call, lay, not touch, let · To what, where: old pottery, ground, potsherd, kitchen floor, shards, me · Speech: someone speaks here

«shard» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: shard in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A sharp, broken piece of glass, pottery, metal or ice.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 piece	det
2	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 piece	amod
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 sharp	punct
4	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 piece	amod
5	piece	piece	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 glass	case
7	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 piece	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 pottery	punct
9	pottery	pottery	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 piece	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 metal	punct
11	metal	metal	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 piece	parataxis
12	or	or	CCONJ	_	13 ice	cc
13	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 metal	conj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 piece	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break	participle							vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: archaeology — kept apart, not parsed.

A broken piece of old pottery found in the ground, also called a potsherd.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 piece	det
2	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 piece	amod
3	piece	piece	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 pottery	case
5	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 pottery	amod
6	pottery	pottery	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 piece	nmod
7	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 pottery	acl
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 ground	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 ground	det
10	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 found	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 called	punct
12	also	also	ADV	_	13 called	advmod
13	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 ground	acl
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 potsherd	det
15	potsherd	potsherd	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 called	xcomp
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 piece	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	break	participle				vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	find	participle		old pottery not said here	the ground	vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
3	call	participle	the ground not said here	a potsherd		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Meaning 3

Usage: figurative — kept apart, not parsed.

A small sharp bit of something, like «a shard of light» or «a shard of memory».

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 bit	det
2	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 bit	amod
3	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 bit	amod
4	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 something	case
6	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 bit	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 shard	punct
8	like	like	ADP	_	11 shard	case
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	11 shard	punct
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 shard	det
11	shard	shard	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 something	appos
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 light	case
13	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 shard	nmod
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 shard	punct
15	or	or	CCONJ	_	18 shard	cc
16	«	«	PUNCT	_	18 shard	punct
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 shard	det
18	shard	shard	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 something	conj
19	of	of	ADP	_	20 memory	case
20	memory	memory	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 shard	nmod
21	»	»	PUNCT	_	18 shard	punct
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 bit	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 1

A shard of glass lay on the kitchen floor after the cup broke.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 shard	det
2	shard	shard	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lay	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 glass	case
4	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 shard	nmod
5	lay	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	on	on	ADP	_	9 floor	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 floor	det
8	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 floor	compound
9	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lay	obl
10	after	after	SCONJ	_	13 broke	mark
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 cup	det
12	cup	cup	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 broke	nsubj
13	broke	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 lay	advcl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 lay	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lay	present	a shard of glass			the kitchen floor			vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on floor=Destination
2	break	past	the cup						vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Example 2

Don't touch the shards — let me sweep them up.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 touch	aux
2	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	3 touch	advmod
3	touch	touch	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 shards	det
5	shards	shard	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 touch	obj
6	—	-	PUNCT	_	7 let	punct
7	let	let	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 touch	conj
8	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 let	obj
9	sweep	sweep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 let	xcomp
10	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 sweep	obj
11	up	up	ADP	_	9 sweep	compound:prt
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 touch	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	not touch	imperative · do-support	you not said here	the shards	vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme shard=Co-Theme
2	let	infinitive	you not said here	me	tree rules
3	sweep up	infinitive	me not said here	shards = shard	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Trajectory

Example 3

The archaeologists found Roman pottery shards in the field.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 archaeologists	det
2	archaeologists	archaeologist	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 found	nsubj
3	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 shards	amod
5	pottery	pottery	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 shards	compound
6	shards	shard	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 found	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 field	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 field	det
9	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 shards	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 found	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	past	the archaeologists	Roman pottery shards		the field			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shard=Topic

Example 4

A shard of ice fell from the gutter.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 shard	det
2	shard	shard	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fell	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 ice	case
4	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 shard	nmod
5	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 gutter	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 gutter	det
8	gutter	gutter	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fell	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 fell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	past	a shard of ice			the gutter			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from gutter=Initial_Location

Example 5

A shard of sunlight came through the gap in the curtains.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 shard	det
2	shard	shard	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 came	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 sunlight	case
4	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 shard	nmod
5	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	through	through	ADP	_	8 gap	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 gap	det
8	gap	gap	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 came	obl
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 curtains	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 curtains	det
11	curtains	curtain	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 gap	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 came	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	a shard of sunlight			the gap in the curtains			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme through gap=Initial_Location

Example 6

From the top of the Shard you can see all of London.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	From	from	ADP	_	3 top	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 top	det
3	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 see	obl
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 Shard	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Shard	det
6	Shard	Shard	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 top	nmod
7	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	9 see	nsubj
8	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 see	aux
9	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	12 London	det
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 London	case
12	London	London	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 see	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 see	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	can	you	all London		the top of the Shard			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer london=Stimulus

Example 7

Wrap the broken shards in newspaper before you throw them away.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wrap	wrap	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 shards	det
3	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 shards	amod
4	shards	shard	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Wrap	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 newspaper	case
6	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Wrap	obl
7	before	before	SCONJ	_	9 throw	mark
8	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	9 throw	nsubj
9	throw	throw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Wrap	advcl
10	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 throw	obj
11	away	away	ADV	_	9 throw	advmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Wrap	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	wrap	imperative	you not said here	the broken shards	newspaper		vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent shard=Theme in newspaper=Destination
2	break	participle					vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
3	throw away	present	you	shards = shard		away property	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/shard/