shark Who acts: shark, person, Sharks, whale shark, you, hammerhead shark · What happens: be, make, cheat, swim, have, shape · To what, where: large fish, skeleton, person, others, money, many rows
«shark» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: shark in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A shark is a large fish with a long body, fins, rows of sharp teeth and a skeleton made of cartilage instead of bone.
The tree, 24 words det nsubj cop det amod case det amod nmod punct conj punct parataxis case amod nmod cc det conj acl case obl case fixed obl punct root A DET shark NOUN is AUX a DET large ADJ fish NOUN with ADP a DET long ADJ body NOUN , PUNCT fins NOUN , PUNCT rows NOUN of ADP sharp ADJ teeth NOUN and CCONJ a DET skeleton NOUN made VERB of ADP cartilage NOUN instead ADV of ADP bone NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 shark det 2 shark shark NOUN Number=Sing 6 fish nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 fish cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 fish det 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 6 fish amod 6 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 with with ADP _ 10 body case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 body det 9 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 10 body amod 10 body body NOUN Number=Sing 6 fish nmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 fins punct 12 fins fin NOUN Number=Plur 10 body conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 rows punct 14 rows row NOUN Number=Plur 6 fish parataxis 15 of of ADP _ 17 teeth case 16 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 17 teeth amod 17 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 14 rows nmod 18 and and CCONJ _ 20 skeleton cc 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 skeleton det 20 skeleton skeleton NOUN Number=Sing 17 teeth conj 21 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 20 skeleton acl 22 of of ADP _ 23 cartilage case 23 cartilage cartilage NOUN Number=Sing 21 made obl 24 instead instead ADV ExtPos=ADP 26 bone case 25 of of ADP _ 24 instead fixed 26 bone bone NOUN Number=Sing 21 made obl 27 . . PUNCT _ 6 fish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a shark a large fish with a long body and fins tree rules 2 make participle a skeleton not said here of cartilage; instead bone vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Informally, a shark is a person who cheats others out of money, like a loan shark.
The tree, 16 words advmod punct det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl obj case case obl punct case det compound conj punct root Informally ADV , PUNCT a DET shark NOUN is AUX a DET person NOUN who PRON cheats VERB others NOUN out ADP of ADP money NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET loan NOUN shark NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Informally informally ADV _ 7 person advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Informally punct 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 shark det 4 shark shark NOUN Number=Sing 7 person nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 person cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 person det 7 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 who who PRON PronType=Rel 9 cheats nsubj 9 cheats cheat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 person acl:relcl 10 others other NOUN Number=Plur 9 cheats obj 11 out out ADP _ 13 money case 12 of of ADP _ 13 money case 13 money money NOUN Number=Sing 9 cheats obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 18 shark punct 15 like like ADP _ 18 shark case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 shark det 17 loan loan NOUN Number=Sing 18 shark compound 18 shark shark NOUN Number=Sing 9 cheats conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 7 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a shark a person informally property tree rules 2 cheat present a person others money vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent other=Source
Example 1 The shark swam close to the boat.
det nsubj advmod case det obl punct root The DET shark NOUN swam VERB close ADV to ADP the DET boat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shark det 2 shark shark NOUN Number=Sing 3 swam nsubj 3 swam swim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 close close ADV Degree=Pos 3 swam advmod 5 to to ADP _ 7 boat case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 boat det 7 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing 4 close obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 swam punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim past the shark close property vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 Sharks have many rows of teeth.
nsubj amod obj case nmod punct root Sharks NOUN have VERB many ADJ rows NOUN of ADP teeth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sharks shark NOUN Number=Plur 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 4 rows amod 4 rows row NOUN Number=Plur 2 have obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 teeth case 6 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 4 rows nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Sharks many rows of teeth vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent row=Patient
Example 3 The whale shark is the biggest fish in the sea.
det compound nsubj cop det amod case det nmod punct root The DET whale NOUN shark NOUN is AUX the DET biggest ADJ fish NOUN in ADP the DET sea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 shark det 2 whale whale NOUN Number=Sing 3 shark compound 3 shark shark NOUN Number=Sing 7 fish nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 fish cop 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 fish det 6 biggest big ADJ Degree=Sup 7 fish amod 7 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 in in ADP _ 10 sea case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 sea det 10 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 7 fish nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 fish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the whale shark the biggest fish the sea tree rules
Example 4 Swim between the flags at the beach.
case det obl case det obl punct root Swim VERB between ADP the DET flags NOUN at ADP the DET beach NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Swim swim VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 between between ADP _ 4 flags case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 flags det 4 flags flag NOUN Number=Plur 1 Swim obl 5 at at ADP _ 7 beach case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 beach det 7 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 1 Swim obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Swim punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim imperative you not said here the beach between the flags vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between flag=Trajectory
Example 5 A hammerhead shark has a head shaped like a hammer.
det compound nsubj det obj acl case det obl punct root A DET hammerhead NOUN shark NOUN has VERB a DET head NOUN shaped VERB like ADP a DET hammer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 shark det 2 hammerhead hammerhead NOUN Number=Sing 3 shark compound 3 shark shark NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 head det 6 head head NOUN Number=Sing 4 has obj 7 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 head acl 8 like like ADP _ 10 hammer case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 hammer det 10 hammer hammer NOUN Number=Sing 7 shaped obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a hammerhead shark a head vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Patient 2 shape participle a head not said here like a hammer vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
Example 6 Sharks breathe through gills.
nsubj case obl punct root Sharks NOUN breathe VERB through ADP gills NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sharks shark NOUN Number=Plur 2 breathe nsubj 2 breathe breathe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 through through ADP _ 4 gills case 4 gills gill NOUN Number=Plur 2 breathe obl 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 breathe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 breathe present Sharks gills vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 We saw sharks at the aquarium.
nsubj obj case det obl punct root We PRON saw VERB sharks NOUN at ADP the DET aquarium NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 sharks shark NOUN Number=Plur 2 saw obj 4 at at ADP _ 6 aquarium case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 aquarium det 6 aquarium aquarium NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We sharks the aquarium vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shark=Stimulus
Example 8 Most sharks are not dangerous to people.
amod nsubj cop advmod case obl punct root Most ADJ sharks NOUN are AUX not PART dangerous ADJ to ADP people NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Most most ADJ Degree=Sup 2 sharks amod 2 sharks shark NOUN Number=Plur 5 dangerous nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 dangerous cop 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 dangerous advmod 5 dangerous dangerous ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 to to ADP _ 7 people case 7 people people NOUN Number=Plur 5 dangerous obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 dangerous punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is present Most sharks to people; dangerous property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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