sharpened Who acts: Sharpened past form, adjective, It, I, you, Grandad · What happens: sharpen, be, make, mean, bring, practise · To what, where: Sharpened past form, point, pencil, two sharpened pencils, exam, axe · Speech: someone speaks here
«sharpened» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sharpened in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Sharpened is the past form of «sharpen»: to make a point or edge sharper, like a pencil or a knife.
The tree, 20 words amod cop det amod nsubj mark punct punct punct mark conj det obj cc conj xcomp punct case det parataxis cc det conj punct root Sharpened VERB is AUX the DET past ADJ form NOUN of SCONJ « PUNCT sharpen VERB » PUNCT : PUNCT to PART make VERB a DET point NOUN or CCONJ edge NOUN sharper ADJ , PUNCT like ADP a DET pencil NOUN or CCONJ a DET knife NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sharpened sharpen VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 form amod 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 form cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 form det 4 past past ADJ Degree=Pos 5 form amod 5 form form NOUN Number=Sing 8 sharpen nsubj 6 of of SCONJ _ 8 sharpen mark 7 « « PUNCT _ 8 sharpen punct 8 sharpen sharpen VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 9 » » PUNCT _ 8 sharpen punct 10 : : PUNCT _ 12 make punct 11 to to PART _ 12 make mark 12 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 sharpen conj 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 point det 14 point point NOUN Number=Sing 12 make obj 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 edge cc 16 edge edge NOUN Number=Sing 14 point conj 17 sharper sharp ADJ Degree=Cmp 12 make xcomp 18 , , PUNCT _ 21 pencil punct 19 like like ADP _ 21 pencil case 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 pencil det 21 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing 12 make parataxis 22 or or CCONJ _ 24 knife cc 23 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 24 knife det 24 knife knife NOUN Number=Sing 21 pencil conj 25 . . PUNCT _ 8 sharpen punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sharpen participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 is a present the Sharpened past form tree rules 3 sharpen in a quote infinitive the Sharpened past form vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 4 make to-infinitive the Sharpened past form not said here a point or edge sharp property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset point=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 As an adjective it means having been made sharp: «a sharpened pencil».
The tree, 12 words case det obl nsubj aux aux:pass ccomp xcomp punct punct det amod parataxis punct punct root As ADP an DET adjective NOUN it PRON means VERB having AUX been AUX made VERB sharp ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT a DET sharpened VERB pencil NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 3 adjective case 2 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 adjective det 3 adjective adjective NOUN Number=Sing 5 means obl 4 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 means nsubj 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 having have AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 made aux 7 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 8 made aux:pass 8 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 means ccomp 9 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 8 made xcomp 10 : : PUNCT _ 8 made punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 14 pencil punct 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 pencil det 13 sharpened sharpen VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 14 pencil amod 14 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing 8 made parataxis 15 » » PUNCT _ 14 pencil punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present adjective as a adjective vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 make gerund · perfect · passive sharp property tree rules 3 sharpen in a quote participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Meaning 3 It can also mean made stronger or clearer: «sharpened skills».
nsubj aux advmod ccomp xcomp cc conj punct punct amod parataxis punct punct root It PRON can AUX also ADV mean VERB made VERB stronger ADJ or CCONJ clearer ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT sharpened VERB skills NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 3 also also ADV _ 4 mean advmod 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 mean ccomp 6 stronger strong ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 made xcomp 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 clearer cc 8 clearer clear ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 stronger conj 9 : : PUNCT _ 12 skills punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 12 skills punct 11 sharpened sharpen VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 skills amod 12 skills skill NOUN Number=Plur 4 mean parataxis 13 » » PUNCT _ 12 skills punct 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can It vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 make participle strong property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 3 sharpen in a quote participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 1 I sharpened my pencil before the test.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root I PRON sharpened VERB my PRON pencil NOUN before ADP the DET test NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 sharpened nsubj 2 sharpened sharpen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 pencil nmod:poss 4 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing 2 sharpened obj 5 before before ADP _ 7 test case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 test det 7 test test NOUN Number=Sing 2 sharpened obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 sharpened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sharpen past I my pencil before the test vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent pencil=Patient
Example 2 Bring two sharpened pencils to the exam.
nummod amod obj case det obl punct root Bring VERB two NUM sharpened VERB pencils NOUN to ADP the DET exam NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bring bring VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 pencils nummod 3 sharpened sharpen VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 pencils amod 4 pencils pencil NOUN Number=Plur 1 Bring obj 5 to to ADP _ 7 exam case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 exam det 7 exam exam NOUN Number=Sing 1 Bring obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Bring punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bring imperative you not said here two sharpened pencils the exam vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent pencil=Theme to exam=Destination 2 sharpen participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 3 Grandad sharpened the axe on a stone.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct root Grandad PROPN sharpened VERB the DET axe NOUN on ADP a DET stone NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandad Grandad PROPN Number=Sing 2 sharpened nsubj 2 sharpened sharpen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 axe det 4 axe axe NOUN Number=Sing 2 sharpened obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 stone case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 stone det 7 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 2 sharpened obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 sharpened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sharpen past Grandad the axe a stone vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent axe=Patient
Example 4 Practising every day sharpened her piano skills.
csubj det obl:unmarked nmod:poss compound obj punct root Practising VERB every DET day NOUN sharpened VERB her PRON piano NOUN skills NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Practising practise VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 sharpened csubj 2 every every DET PronType=Tot 3 day det 3 day day NOUN Number=Sing 1 Practising obl:unmarked 4 sharpened sharpen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 skills nmod:poss 6 piano piano NOUN Number=Sing 7 skills compound 7 skills skill NOUN Number=Plur 4 sharpened obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 sharpened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 practise gerund day tree rules 2 sharpen past Practising her piano skills vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent skill=Patient
Example 5 Be careful — the knife has just been sharpened.
cop punct det nsubj:pass aux advmod aux:pass conj punct root Be AUX careful ADJ — PUNCT the DET knife NOUN has AUX just ADV been AUX sharpened VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 2 careful cop 2 careful careful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 3 — - PUNCT _ 9 sharpened punct 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 knife det 5 knife knife NOUN Number=Sing 9 sharpened nsubj:pass 6 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 sharpened aux 7 just just ADV _ 9 sharpened advmod 8 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 9 sharpened aux:pass 9 sharpened sharpen VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 careful conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 careful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is imperative you not said here careful property tree rules 2 sharpen present · perfect · passive the knife vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
Example 6 The fox's hunger sharpened its sense of smell.
det nmod:poss case nsubj nmod:poss obj case nmod punct root The DET fox NOUN 's PART hunger NOUN sharpened VERB its PRON sense NOUN of ADP smell NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 fox det 2 fox fox NOUN Number=Sing 4 hunger nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 fox case 4 hunger hunger NOUN Number=Sing 5 sharpened nsubj 5 sharpened sharpen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 sense nmod:poss 7 sense sense NOUN Number=Sing 5 sharpened obj 8 of of ADP _ 9 smell case 9 smell smell NOUN Number=Sing 7 sense nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 sharpened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sharpen past the fox's hunger hunger's sense of smell vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sense=Patient 2 hunger the fox nom hunger «state intransitive»: poss=agent 3 sense hunger smell nom sense «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient
Example 7 The mother immediately took an axe and sharpened it, and went down to the dike with it.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj advmod det obj cc conj obj punct cc conj advmod case det obl case nmod punct root The DET mother NOUN immediately ADV took VERB an DET axe NOUN and CCONJ sharpened VERB it PRON , PUNCT and CCONJ went VERB down ADV to ADP the DET dike NOUN with ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 mother det 2 mother mother NOUN Number=Sing 4 took nsubj 3 immediately immediately ADV _ 4 took advmod 4 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 axe det 6 axe axe NOUN Number=Sing 4 took obj 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 sharpened cc 8 sharpened sharpen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 took conj 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 sharpened obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 went punct 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 went cc 12 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 took conj 13 down down ADV _ 12 went advmod 14 to to ADP _ 16 dike case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 dike det 16 dike dike NOUN Number=Sing 12 went obl 17 with with ADP _ 18 it case 18 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 dike nmod 19 . . PUNCT _ 4 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past the mother a axe immediately property vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent axe=Theme 2 sharpen past the mother not said here axe vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient 3 go down past the mother not said here to the dike with dike; down property vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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