sheaf Who acts: sheaf, farmer, Bible, sheaves, Mr, baker · What happens: be, tie, cut, dream, bow down, stand · To what, where: bundle, thick pile, wheat, Joseph, sheaf, harvest festival · Speech: someone speaks here
«sheaf» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sheaf in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A sheaf is a bundle of stalks of wheat, barley or other grain, tied together after cutting at harvest.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cop det case nmod case nmod punct conj cc amod conj punct conj advmod mark advcl case obl punct root A DET sheaf NOUN is AUX a DET bundle NOUN of ADP stalks NOUN of ADP wheat NOUN , PUNCT barley NOUN or CCONJ other ADJ grain NOUN , PUNCT tied VERB together ADV after SCONJ cutting VERB at ADP harvest NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sheaf det 2 sheaf sheaf NOUN Number=Sing 5 bundle nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 bundle cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 bundle det 5 bundle bundle NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 stalks case 7 stalks stalk NOUN Number=Plur 5 bundle nmod 8 of of ADP _ 9 wheat case 9 wheat wheat NOUN Number=Sing 7 stalks nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 barley punct 11 barley barley NOUN Number=Sing 9 wheat conj 12 or or CCONJ _ 14 grain cc 13 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 14 grain amod 14 grain grain NOUN Number=Sing 9 wheat conj 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 tied punct 16 tied tie VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 bundle conj 17 together together ADV _ 16 tied advmod 18 after after SCONJ _ 19 cutting mark 19 cutting cut VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 16 tied advcl 20 at at ADP _ 21 harvest case 21 harvest harvest NOUN Number=Sing 19 cutting obl 22 . . PUNCT _ 5 bundle punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a sheaf a bundle of stalks of wheat and barley or other grain tree rules 2 tie participle a sheaf not said here together property vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient 3 cut gerund a sheaf not said here at harvest vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at harvest=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A sheaf of papers is a thick pile or bundle of papers.
det nsubj case nmod cop det amod cc conj case nmod punct root A DET sheaf NOUN of ADP papers NOUN is AUX a DET thick ADJ pile NOUN or CCONJ bundle NOUN of ADP papers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sheaf det 2 sheaf sheaf NOUN Number=Sing 8 pile nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 papers case 4 papers paper NOUN Number=Plur 2 sheaf nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 pile cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 pile det 7 thick thick ADJ Degree=Pos 8 pile amod 8 pile pile NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 bundle cc 10 bundle bundle NOUN Number=Sing 8 pile conj 11 of of ADP _ 12 papers case 12 papers paper NOUN Number=Plur 10 bundle nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 pile punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a sheaf of papers a thick pile or bundle of papers tree rules
Example 1 The farmer tied the wheat into sheaves.
det nsubj det obj case obl punct root The DET farmer NOUN tied VERB the DET wheat NOUN into ADP sheaves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 farmer det 2 farmer farmer NOUN Number=Sing 3 tied nsubj 3 tied tie VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 wheat det 5 wheat wheat NOUN Number=Sing 3 tied obj 6 into into ADP _ 7 sheaves case 7 sheaves sheaf NOUN Number=Plur 3 tied obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 tied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tie past the farmer the wheat into sheaves vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent wheat=Patient into sheaf=Co-Patient
Example 2 (Bible) Joseph dreamed that his brothers' sheaves bowed down to his.
The tree, 12 words punct nsubj punct nsubj mark nmod:poss nmod:poss case nsubj ccomp advmod case obj punct root ( PUNCT Bible PROPN ) PUNCT Joseph PROPN dreamed VERB that SCONJ his PRON brothers NOUN ' PART sheaves NOUN bowed VERB down ADV to ADP his PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Bible punct 2 Bible Bible PROPN Number=Sing 5 dreamed nsubj 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Bible punct 4 Joseph Joseph PROPN Number=Sing 5 dreamed nsubj 5 dreamed dream VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 that that SCONJ _ 11 bowed mark 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 brothers nmod:poss 8 brothers brother NOUN Number=Plur 10 sheaves nmod:poss 9 ' 's PART _ 8 brothers case 10 sheaves sheaf NOUN Number=Plur 11 bowed nsubj 11 bowed bow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 dreamed ccomp 12 down down ADV _ 11 bowed advmod 13 to to ADP _ 14 his case 14 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 bowed obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 dreamed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dream past Bible vn cognize-85 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 bow down past Joseph's brothers's sheaves Joseph down property vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent his=Topic
Example 3 A sheaf of corn stood by the altar at the harvest festival.
det case nmod acl case det obl case det compound obl punct root A DET sheaf NOUN of ADP corn NOUN stood VERB by ADP the DET altar NOUN at ADP the DET harvest NOUN festival NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sheaf det 2 sheaf sheaf NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 4 corn case 4 corn corn NOUN Number=Sing 2 sheaf nmod 5 stood stand VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 sheaf acl 6 by by ADP _ 8 altar case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 altar det 8 altar altar NOUN Number=Sing 5 stood obl 9 at at ADP _ 12 festival case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 festival det 11 harvest harvest NOUN Number=Sing 12 festival compound 12 festival festival NOUN Number=Sing 5 stood obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 sheaf punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand participle a sheaf of corn not said here the harvest festival by the altar vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by altar=Location
Example 4 Mr Lee came in carrying a sheaf of test papers.
nsubj flat mark advcl det obj case compound nmod punct root Mr PROPN Lee PROPN came VERB in SCONJ carrying VERB a DET sheaf NOUN of ADP test NOUN papers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mr Mr PROPN Number=Sing 3 came nsubj 2 Lee Lee PROPN Number=Sing 1 Mr flat 3 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in SCONJ _ 5 carrying mark 5 carrying carry VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 came advcl 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 sheaf det 7 sheaf sheaf NOUN Number=Sing 5 carrying obj 8 of of ADP _ 10 papers case 9 test test NOUN Number=Sing 10 papers compound 10 papers paper NOUN Number=Plur 7 sheaf nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past Mr vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 carry gerund Mr not said here a sheaf of test papers vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sheaf=Theme
Example 5 In the old days, sheaves were stacked in the field to dry.
case det amod obl punct nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl mark advcl punct root In ADP the DET old ADJ days NOUN , PUNCT sheaves NOUN were AUX stacked VERB in ADP the DET field NOUN to PART dry VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 days case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 days det 3 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 4 days amod 4 days day NOUN Number=Plur 8 stacked obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 days punct 6 sheaves sheaf NOUN Number=Plur 8 stacked nsubj:pass 7 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 stacked aux:pass 8 stacked stack VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 9 in in ADP _ 11 field case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 field det 11 field field NOUN Number=Sing 8 stacked obl 12 to to PART _ 13 dry mark 13 dry dry VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 stacked advcl 14 . . PUNCT _ 8 stacked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stack past · passive sheaves the field day vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in field=Destination 2 dry to-infinitive vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 6 The baker made a loaf shaped like a sheaf of wheat.
det nsubj det obj acl case det obl case nmod punct root The DET baker NOUN made VERB a DET loaf NOUN shaped VERB like ADP a DET sheaf NOUN of ADP wheat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 baker det 2 baker baker NOUN Number=Sing 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 loaf det 5 loaf loaf NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obj 6 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 loaf acl 7 like like ADP _ 9 sheaf case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 sheaf det 9 sheaf sheaf NOUN Number=Sing 6 shaped obl 10 of of ADP _ 11 wheat case 11 wheat wheat NOUN Number=Sing 9 sheaf nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the baker a loaf vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset loaf=Product 2 shape participle a loaf not said here like a sheaf of wheat vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
Example 7 Why, every one of his sheaves gave him a peck of grain.
advmod punct det nsubj case nmod:poss nmod iobj det obj case nmod punct root Why ADV , PUNCT every DET one NOUN of ADP his PRON sheaves NOUN gave VERB him PRON a DET peck NOUN of ADP grain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Why why ADV PronType=Int 8 gave advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 4 one punct 3 every every DET PronType=Tot 4 one det 4 one one NOUN Number=Sing 8 gave nsubj 5 of of ADP _ 7 sheaves case 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 sheaves nmod:poss 7 sheaves sheaf NOUN Number=Plur 4 one nmod 8 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 gave iobj 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 peck det 11 peck peck NOUN Number=Sing 8 gave obj 12 of of ADP _ 13 grain case 13 grain grain NOUN Number=Sing 11 peck nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 8 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past every one of his sheaves a peck of grain him = he vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient peck=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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