shepherd Who acts: shepherd, job, teacher, German shepherd, sheepdog, shepherd boy · What happens: be, keep, move, shepherd, lead, help · To what, where: person, sheep, fresh grass, people, children, bus · Speech: someone speaks here
«shepherd» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: shepherd in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A shepherd is a person whose job is to look after sheep, keeping them safe and moving them to fresh grass.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det nmod:poss nsubj cop mark acl:relcl case obl punct advcl obj xcomp cc conj obj case amod obl punct root A DET shepherd NOUN is AUX a DET person NOUN whose PRON job NOUN is AUX to PART look VERB after ADP sheep NOUN , PUNCT keeping VERB them PRON safe ADJ and CCONJ moving VERB them PRON to ADP fresh ADJ grass NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 shepherd det 2 shepherd shepherd NOUN Number=Sing 5 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 whose whose PRON Poss=Yes PronType=Rel 7 job nmod:poss 7 job job NOUN Number=Sing 10 look nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 look cop 9 to to PART _ 10 look mark 10 look look VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 person acl:relcl 11 after after ADP _ 12 sheep case 12 sheep sheep NOUN Number=Plur 10 look obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 keeping punct 14 keeping keep VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 look advcl 15 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 keeping obj 16 safe safe ADJ Degree=Pos 14 keeping xcomp 17 and and CCONJ _ 18 moving cc 18 moving move VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 14 keeping conj 19 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 moving obj 20 to to ADP _ 22 grass case 21 fresh fresh ADJ Degree=Pos 22 grass amod 22 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 18 moving obl 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a shepherd a person tree rules 2 is present job after sheep look property tree rules 3 keep gerund job not said here sheep safe property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme 4 move gerund job not said here sheep fresh grass vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent they=Theme to grass=Trajectory
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To shepherd people is to guide them carefully somewhere, like a teacher shepherding children onto a bus.
The tree, 17 words mark advcl obj cop mark obj advmod advmod punct case det parataxis acl obj case det obl punct root To PART shepherd VERB people NOUN is AUX to PART guide VERB them PRON carefully ADV somewhere ADV , PUNCT like ADP a DET teacher NOUN shepherding VERB children NOUN onto ADP a DET bus NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 shepherd mark 2 shepherd shepherd VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 guide advcl 3 people people NOUN Number=Plur 2 shepherd obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 guide cop 5 to to PART _ 6 guide mark 6 guide guide VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 guide obj 8 carefully carefully ADV _ 6 guide advmod 9 somewhere somewhere ADV PronType=Ind 6 guide advmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 teacher punct 11 like like ADP _ 13 teacher case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 teacher det 13 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 6 guide parataxis 14 shepherding shepherd VERB VerbForm=Ger 13 teacher acl 15 children child NOUN Number=Plur 14 shepherding obj 16 onto onto ADP _ 18 bus case 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 bus det 18 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 14 shepherding obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 6 guide punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shepherd to-infinitive people vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme 2 is present carefully, guide, somewhere property tree rules 3 shepherd gerund a teacher not said here children a bus vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent child=Theme onto bus=Destination
Meaning 3 A German shepherd is a large kind of dog.
det amod nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct root A DET German ADJ shepherd NOUN is AUX a DET large ADJ kind NOUN of ADP dog NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 shepherd det 2 German German ADJ Degree=Pos 3 shepherd amod 3 shepherd shepherd NOUN Number=Sing 7 kind nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 kind cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 kind det 6 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 7 kind amod 7 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 9 dog case 9 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 7 kind nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 kind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a German shepherd a large kind of dog tree rules
Example 1 The shepherd led the sheep up the hill.
det nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET shepherd NOUN led VERB the DET sheep NOUN up ADP the DET hill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shepherd det 2 shepherd shepherd NOUN Number=Sing 3 led nsubj 3 led lead VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 sheep det 5 sheep sheep NOUN Number=Plur 3 led obj 6 up up ADP _ 8 hill case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 hill det 8 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 3 led obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 led punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lead past the shepherd the sheep the hill vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sheep=Theme up hill=Destination
Example 2 A sheepdog helps the shepherd round up the flock.
det nsubj det obj advmod case det obl punct root A DET sheepdog NOUN helps VERB the DET shepherd NOUN round ADV up ADP the DET flock NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sheepdog det 2 sheepdog sheepdog NOUN Number=Sing 3 helps nsubj 3 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 shepherd det 5 shepherd shepherd NOUN Number=Sing 3 helps obj 6 round round ADV _ 3 helps advmod 7 up up ADP _ 9 flock case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 flock det 9 flock flock NOUN Number=Sing 3 helps obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present a sheepdog the shepherd up the flock; round property vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shepherd=Beneficiary
Example 3 In the story, the shepherd boy cried «Wolf!» too many times.
The tree, 11 words case det obl punct det compound nsubj punct obj punct punct advmod amod obl:unmarked punct root In ADP the DET story NOUN , PUNCT the DET shepherd NOUN boy NOUN cried VERB « PUNCT Wolf NOUN ! PUNCT » PUNCT too ADV many ADJ times NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 story case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 story det 3 story story NOUN Number=Sing 8 cried obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 story punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 boy det 6 shepherd shepherd NOUN Number=Sing 7 boy compound 7 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 8 cried nsubj 8 cried cry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 Wolf punct 10 Wolf wolf NOUN Number=Sing 8 cried obj 11 ! ! PUNCT _ 10 Wolf punct 12 » » PUNCT _ 10 Wolf punct 13 too too ADV _ 14 many advmod 14 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 15 times amod 15 times time NOUN Number=Plur 8 cried obl:unmarked 16 . . PUNCT _ 8 cried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cry speech: express past the shepherd boy Wolf the story time vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wolf=Topic
Example 4 The teacher shepherded the class onto the bus.
det nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET teacher NOUN shepherded VERB the DET class NOUN onto ADP the DET bus NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 shepherded nsubj 3 shepherded shepherd VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 class det 5 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 shepherded obj 6 onto onto ADP _ 8 bus case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 bus det 8 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 3 shepherded obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 shepherded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shepherd past the teacher the class the bus vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent class=Theme onto bus=Destination
Example 5 The shepherd counted 40 sheep in the field.
det nsubj nummod obj case det obl punct root The DET shepherd NOUN counted VERB 40 NUM sheep NOUN in ADP the DET field NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shepherd det 2 shepherd shepherd NOUN Number=Sing 3 counted nsubj 3 counted count VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 40 40 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 sheep nummod 5 sheep sheep NOUN Number=Plur 3 counted obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 field case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 field det 8 field field NOUN Number=Sing 3 counted obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 counted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 count past the shepherd 40 sheep the field vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sheep=Theme
Example 6 Our neighbour has a German shepherd called Max.
nmod:poss nsubj det amod obj acl xcomp punct root Our PRON neighbour NOUN has VERB a DET German ADJ shepherd NOUN called VERB Max PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 neighbour nmod:poss 2 neighbour neighbour NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 shepherd det 5 German German ADJ Degree=Pos 6 shepherd amod 6 shepherd shepherd NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 7 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 shepherd acl 8 Max Max PROPN Number=Sing 7 called xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Our neighbour a German shepherd vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shepherd=Patient 2 call participle a German shepherd not said here vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 The shepherd stayed up all night when the lambs were born.
det nsubj compound:prt det obl:unmarked advmod det nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl punct root The DET shepherd NOUN stayed VERB up ADP all DET night NOUN when ADV the DET lambs NOUN were AUX born VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shepherd det 2 shepherd shepherd NOUN Number=Sing 3 stayed nsubj 3 stayed stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 up up ADP _ 3 stayed compound:prt 5 all all DET PronType=Tot 6 night det 6 night night NOUN Number=Sing 3 stayed obl:unmarked 7 when when ADV PronType=Int 11 born advmod 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 lambs det 9 lambs lamb NOUN Number=Plur 11 born nsubj:pass 10 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 born aux:pass 11 born bear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 stayed advcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 stayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stay up past the shepherd night vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 bear past · passive the lambs vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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