shona Who acts: Shona, people, dad, Mhoro, millions, We · What happens: be, live, speak, mean, see, build · To what, where: people, Zimbabwe, language, first name, Shona, beautiful Shona stone carvings · Speech: someone speaks here
«shona» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: shona in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 The Shona are a people of southern Africa who live mainly in Zimbabwe.
det nsubj cop det case amod nmod nsubj acl:relcl advmod case obl punct root The DET Shona PROPN are AUX a DET people NOUN of ADP southern ADJ Africa PROPN who PRON live VERB mainly ADV in ADP Zimbabwe PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Shona det 2 Shona Shona PROPN Number=Sing 5 people nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 people cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 people det 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 Africa case 7 southern southern ADJ Degree=Pos 8 Africa amod 8 Africa Africa PROPN Number=Sing 5 people nmod 9 who who PRON PronType=Rel 10 live nsubj 10 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 people acl:relcl 11 mainly mainly ADV _ 10 live advmod 12 in in ADP _ 13 Zimbabwe case 13 Zimbabwe Zimbabwe PROPN Number=Sing 10 live obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 people punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the Shona a people of southern Africa tree rules 2 live present a people Zimbabwe mainly property vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in zimbabwe=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Shona is the language of the Shona people, one of the official languages of Zimbabwe.
The tree, 15 words nsubj cop det case det compound nmod punct conj case det amod nmod case nmod punct root Shona PROPN is AUX the DET language NOUN of ADP the DET Shona PROPN people NOUN , PUNCT one NUM of ADP the DET official ADJ languages NOUN of ADP Zimbabwe PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shona Shona PROPN Number=Sing 4 language nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 language cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 language det 4 language language NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 8 people case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 people det 7 Shona Shona PROPN Number=Sing 8 people compound 8 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 language nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 one punct 10 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 language conj 11 of of ADP _ 14 languages case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 languages det 13 official official ADJ Degree=Pos 14 languages amod 14 languages language NOUN Number=Plur 10 one nmod 15 of of ADP _ 16 Zimbabwe case 16 Zimbabwe Zimbabwe PROPN Number=Sing 14 languages nmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 4 language punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Shona the language of the Shona people tree rules
Meaning 3 Shona (or Shonagh) is also a girl's first name, mainly in Scotland and Ireland.
The tree, 15 words nsubj punct cc appos punct cop advmod det nmod:poss case amod punct advmod case appos cc conj punct root Shona PROPN ( PUNCT or CCONJ Shonagh PROPN ) PUNCT is AUX also ADV a DET girl NOUN 's PART first ADJ name NOUN , PUNCT mainly ADV in ADP Scotland PROPN and CCONJ Ireland PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shona Shona PROPN Number=Sing 12 name nsubj 2 ( ( PUNCT _ 4 Shonagh punct 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 Shonagh cc 4 Shonagh Shonagh PROPN Number=Sing 1 Shona appos 5 ) ) PUNCT _ 4 Shonagh punct 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 name cop 7 also also ADV _ 12 name advmod 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 girl det 9 girl girl NOUN Number=Sing 12 name nmod:poss 10 's 's PART _ 9 girl case 11 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 12 name amod 12 name name NOUN Number=Sing root root 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 Scotland punct 14 mainly mainly ADV _ 16 Scotland advmod 15 in in ADP _ 16 Scotland case 16 Scotland Scotland PROPN Number=Sing 12 name appos 17 and and CCONJ _ 18 Ireland cc 18 Ireland Ireland PROPN Number=Sing 16 Scotland conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 12 name punct
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1 is a present Shona a girl's first name tree rules
Example 1 My friend's dad speaks Shona and English.
nmod:poss nmod:poss case nsubj obj cc conj punct root My PRON friend NOUN 's PART dad NOUN speaks VERB Shona PROPN and CCONJ English PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 friend nmod:poss 2 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 4 dad nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 friend case 4 dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 5 speaks nsubj 5 speaks speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 Shona Shona PROPN Number=Sing 5 speaks obj 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 English cc 8 English English PROPN Number=Sing 6 Shona conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 speaks punct
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1 speak speech: other present My friend's dad Shona and English tree rules
Example 2 "Mhoro" means "hello" in Shona.
punct nsubj punct punct obj punct case obl punct root " PUNCT Mhoro PROPN " PUNCT means VERB " PUNCT hello INTJ " PUNCT in ADP Shona PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Mhoro punct 2 Mhoro Mhoro PROPN Number=Sing 4 means nsubj 3 " " PUNCT _ 2 Mhoro punct 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 " " PUNCT _ 6 hello punct 6 hello hello INTJ _ 4 means obj 7 " " PUNCT _ 6 hello punct 8 in in ADP _ 9 Shona case 9 Shona Shona PROPN Number=Sing 4 means obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
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1 mean present Mhoro in Shona vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot hello=Theme in shona=Attribute
Example 3 Shona is spoken by millions of people in Zimbabwe.
nsubj aux:pass case obl:agent case nmod case nmod punct root Shona PROPN is AUX spoken VERB by ADP millions NOUN of ADP people NOUN in ADP Zimbabwe PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shona Shona PROPN Number=Sing 3 spoken nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 spoken aux:pass 3 spoken speak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 by by ADP _ 5 millions case 5 millions million NOUN Number=Plur 3 spoken obl:agent 6 of of ADP _ 7 people case 7 people people NOUN Number=Plur 5 millions nmod 8 in in ADP _ 9 Zimbabwe case 9 Zimbabwe Zimbabwe PROPN Number=Sing 7 people nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 spoken punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present · passive millions of people in Zimbabwe Shona tree rules
Example 4 We saw beautiful Shona stone carvings at the museum.
nsubj amod compound compound obj case det obl punct root We PRON saw VERB beautiful ADJ Shona PROPN stone NOUN carvings NOUN at ADP the DET museum NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 beautiful beautiful ADJ Degree=Pos 6 carvings amod 4 Shona Shona PROPN Number=Sing 6 carvings compound 5 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 6 carvings compound 6 carvings carving NOUN Number=Plur 2 saw obj 7 at at ADP _ 9 museum case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 museum det 9 museum museum NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We beautiful Shona stone carvings the museum vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer carving=Stimulus
Example 5 Shona from Glasgow is the best swimmer in our club.
nsubj case nmod cop det amod case nmod:poss nmod punct root Shona PROPN from ADP Glasgow PROPN is AUX the DET best ADJ swimmer NOUN in ADP our PRON club NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shona Shona PROPN Number=Sing 7 swimmer nsubj 2 from from ADP _ 3 Glasgow case 3 Glasgow Glasgow PROPN Number=Sing 1 Shona nmod 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 swimmer cop 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 swimmer det 6 best good ADJ Degree=Sup 7 swimmer amod 7 swimmer swimmer NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 in in ADP _ 10 club case 9 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 club nmod:poss 10 club club NOUN Number=Sing 7 swimmer nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 swimmer punct
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1 is a present Shona from Glasgow the best swimmer our club tree rules
Example 6 The Shona people built great stone walls long ago.
det compound nsubj amod compound obj advmod advmod punct root The DET Shona PROPN people NOUN built VERB great ADJ stone NOUN walls NOUN long ADV ago ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 people det 2 Shona Shona PROPN Number=Sing 3 people compound 3 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 built nsubj 4 built build VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 7 walls amod 6 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 7 walls compound 7 walls wall NOUN Number=Plur 4 built obj 8 long long ADV Degree=Pos 9 ago advmod 9 ago ago ADV _ 4 built advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 built punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 build past the Shona people great stone walls ago property vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Product
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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