short Who acts: Short, Shorts, Tom, ribbon, short break, days · What happens: mean, last, not have, form, be, run · To what, where: short break, enough, shorter form, name, short trousers, tape · Speech: someone speaks here
«short» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: short in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Short means not long: a short pencil, a short story.
nsubj advmod xcomp punct det amod parataxis punct det amod conj punct root Short ADJ means VERB not PART long ADJ : PUNCT a DET short ADJ pencil NOUN , PUNCT a DET short ADJ story NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Short short ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 long advmod 4 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 5 : : PUNCT _ 8 pencil punct 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 pencil det 7 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 8 pencil amod 8 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 story punct 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 story det 11 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 12 story amod 12 story story NOUN Number=Sing 8 pencil conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Short long property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Short means not tall: a short person.
nsubj advmod xcomp punct det amod conj punct root Short ADJ means VERB not PART tall ADJ : PUNCT a DET short ADJ person NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Short short ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 tall advmod 4 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 5 : : PUNCT _ 8 person punct 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 person det 7 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 8 person amod 8 person person NOUN Number=Sing 2 means conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Short tall property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Short means lasting a little time: a short break.
nsubj xcomp det amod obj punct det amod obl punct root Short ADJ means VERB lasting VERB a DET little ADJ time NOUN : PUNCT a DET short ADJ break NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Short short ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 lasting last VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 time det 5 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 6 time amod 6 time time NOUN Number=Sing 3 lasting obj 7 : : PUNCT _ 10 break punct 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 break det 9 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 10 break amod 10 break break NOUN Number=Sing 3 lasting obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Short vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 last not said to happen gerund Short not said here a short break time vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme
Meaning 4 Short of something means not having enough of it: $4 short.
advmod case obl advmod ccomp obj case nmod punct parataxis nummod xcomp punct root Short ADJ of ADP something PRON means VERB not PART having VERB enough ADJ of ADP it PRON : PUNCT $ SYM 4 NUM short ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Short short ADJ Degree=Pos 4 means advmod 2 of of ADP _ 3 something case 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 1 Short obl 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 having advmod 6 having have VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 means ccomp 7 enough enough ADJ Degree=Pos 6 having obj 8 of of ADP _ 9 it case 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 enough nmod 10 : : PUNCT _ 11 $ punct 11 $ $ SYM _ 4 means parataxis 12 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 11 $ nummod 13 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 11 $ xcomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 not have gerund enough of it vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enough=Patient
Meaning 5 «Short for» means a shorter form of a name.
punct nsubj case punct det amod obj case det nmod punct root « PUNCT Short ADJ for ADP » PUNCT means VERB a DET shorter ADJ form NOUN of ADP a DET name NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Short punct 2 Short short ADJ Degree=Pos 5 means nsubj 3 for for ADP _ 4 » case 4 » » PUNCT _ 2 Short punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 form det 7 shorter short ADJ Degree=Cmp 8 form amod 8 form form NOUN Number=Sing 5 means obj 9 of of ADP _ 11 name case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 name det 11 name name NOUN Number=Sing 8 form nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Short a shorter form of a name vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Topic 2 form a name nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
Tom is short for Thomas.
nsubj cop case obl punct root Tom PROPN is AUX short ADJ for ADP Thomas PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 3 short nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 short cop 3 short short ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 for for ADP _ 5 Thomas case 5 Thomas Thomas PROPN Number=Sing 3 short obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 short punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Tom for Thomas; short property tree rules
Meaning 6 Shorts are short trousers.
nsubj cop amod punct root Shorts NOUN are AUX short ADJ trousers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shorts short NOUN Number=Plur 4 trousers nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 trousers cop 3 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 4 trousers amod 4 trousers trousers NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 trousers punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Shorts short trousers tree rules
Example 1 Tom is 5 cm shorter than Ann.
nsubj cop nummod obl:unmarked case obl punct root Tom PROPN is AUX 5 NUM cm NOUN shorter ADJ than ADP Ann PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 5 shorter nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 shorter cop 3 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 cm nummod 4 cm cm NOUN Number=Plur 5 shorter obl:unmarked 5 shorter short ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 6 than than ADP _ 7 Ann case 7 Ann Ann PROPN Number=Sing 5 shorter obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 shorter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Tom than Ann; 5 cm obl:unmarked ; short property tree rules
Example 2 She is $4 short of the price.
nsubj cop nummod amod case det obl punct root She PRON is AUX $ SYM 4 NUM short ADJ of ADP the DET price NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 $ nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 $ cop 3 $ $ SYM _ root root 4 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 $ nummod 5 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 3 $ amod 6 of of ADP _ 8 price case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 price det 8 price price NOUN Number=Sing 5 short obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 $ punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 3 Which ribbon is the shortest?
det nsubj cop det punct root Which DET ribbon NOUN is AUX the DET shortest ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Which which DET PronType=Int 2 ribbon det 2 ribbon ribbon NOUN Number=Sing 5 shortest nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 shortest cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 shortest det 5 shortest short ADJ Degree=Sup root root 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 shortest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present which ribbon short property tree rules
Example 4 A short break lasts 10 minutes.
det amod nsubj nummod obj punct root A DET short ADJ break NOUN lasts VERB 10 NUM minutes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 break det 2 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 3 break amod 3 break break NOUN Number=Sing 4 lasts nsubj 4 lasts last VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 minutes nummod 6 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 4 lasts obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 lasts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 last present a short break minute vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme
Example 5 The days are short in winter.
det nsubj cop case obl punct root The DET days NOUN are AUX short ADJ in ADP winter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 days det 2 days day NOUN Number=Plur 4 short nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 short cop 4 short short ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 in in ADP _ 6 winter case 6 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 4 short obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 short punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the days winter short property tree rules
Example 6 Liz is short for Elizabeth.
nsubj cop case obl punct root Liz PROPN is AUX short ADJ for ADP Elizabeth PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Liz Liz PROPN Number=Sing 3 short nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 short cop 3 short short ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 for for ADP _ 5 Elizabeth case 5 Elizabeth Elizabeth PROPN Number=Sing 3 short obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 short punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Liz for Elizabeth; short property tree rules
Example 7 We ran short of glue, so we used tape.
nsubj xcomp case obl punct advmod nsubj conj obj punct root We PRON ran VERB short ADJ of ADP glue NOUN , PUNCT so ADV we PRON used VERB tape NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 ran nsubj 2 ran run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 2 ran xcomp 4 of of ADP _ 5 glue case 5 glue glue NOUN Number=Sing 3 short obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 used punct 7 so so ADV _ 9 used advmod 8 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 used nsubj 9 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 ran conj 10 tape tape NOUN Number=Sing 9 used obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 ran punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run past We short property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 use past we tape vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tape=Patient
Example 8 He wears shorts in summer.
nsubj obj case obl punct root He PRON wears VERB shorts NOUN in ADP summer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 wears nsubj 2 wears wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 shorts short NOUN Number=Plur 2 wears obj 4 in in ADP _ 5 summer case 5 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 2 wears obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 wears punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear present He shorts summer vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent short=Source
Example 9 They only stayed a short time.
nsubj advmod det amod obl:unmarked punct root They PRON only ADV stayed VERB a DET short ADJ time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 stayed nsubj 2 only only ADV _ 3 stayed advmod 3 stayed stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 time det 5 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 6 time amod 6 time time NOUN Number=Sing 3 stayed obl:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 stayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stay past They time vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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