shutter Who acts: shutter, you, tiny part, shop shutter, Grandma, sun · What happens: be, open, keep out, let in, take, shutter · To what, where: wooden metal cover, window, light, tiny part, camera, photo
«shutter» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: shutter in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A shutter is a wooden or metal cover on a window that you open and close to keep out light, wind or burglars.
The tree, 23 words det nsubj cop det amod cc compound case det nmod obj nsubj acl:relcl cc conj mark advcl compound:prt obj punct conj cc conj punct root A DET shutter NOUN is AUX a DET wooden ADJ or CCONJ metal NOUN cover NOUN on ADP a DET window NOUN that PRON you PRON open VERB and CCONJ close ADJ to PART keep VERB out ADP light NOUN , PUNCT wind NOUN or CCONJ burglars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 shutter det 2 shutter shutter NOUN Number=Sing 8 cover nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 cover cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 cover det 5 wooden wooden ADJ Degree=Pos 8 cover amod 6 or or CCONJ _ 8 cover cc 7 metal metal NOUN Number=Sing 8 cover compound 8 cover cover NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 on on ADP _ 11 window case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 window det 11 window window NOUN Number=Sing 8 cover nmod 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 14 open obj 13 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 14 open nsubj 14 open open VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 window acl:relcl 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 close cc 16 close close ADJ Degree=Pos 14 open conj 17 to to PART _ 18 keep mark 18 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 close advcl 19 out out ADP _ 18 keep compound:prt 20 light light NOUN Number=Sing 18 keep obj 21 , , PUNCT _ 22 wind punct 22 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 20 light conj 23 or or CCONJ _ 24 burglars cc 24 burglars burglar NOUN Number=Plur 20 light conj 25 . . PUNCT _ 8 cover punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a shutter a wooden metal cover a window tree rules 2 open present you a window vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location that=Theme 3 keep out to-infinitive you not said here light and wind or burglars vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In a camera, the shutter is the tiny part that opens for a moment to let light in when you take a photo.
The tree, 23 words case det obl punct det nsubj cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl case det obl mark advcl obj compound:prt advmod nsubj advcl det obj punct root In ADP a DET camera NOUN , PUNCT the DET shutter NOUN is AUX the DET tiny ADJ part NOUN that PRON opens VERB for ADP a DET moment NOUN to PART let VERB light NOUN in ADP when ADV you PRON take VERB a DET photo NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 camera case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 camera det 3 camera camera NOUN Number=Sing 10 part obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 camera punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 shutter det 6 shutter shutter NOUN Number=Sing 10 part nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 part cop 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 part det 9 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 10 part amod 10 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 opens nsubj 12 opens open VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 part acl:relcl 13 for for ADP _ 15 moment case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 moment det 15 moment moment NOUN Number=Sing 12 opens obl 16 to to PART _ 17 let mark 17 let let VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 opens advcl 18 light light NOUN Number=Sing 17 let obj 19 in in ADP _ 17 let compound:prt 20 when when ADV PronType=Int 22 take advmod 21 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 22 take nsubj 22 take take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 let advcl 23 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 24 photo det 24 photo photo NOUN Number=Sing 22 take obj 25 . . PUNCT _ 10 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the shutter the tiny part a camera tree rules 2 open present the tiny part moment vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 let in to-infinitive the tiny part not said here light vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme 4 take present you a photo vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent photo=Theme
Meaning 3 To shutter a shop or business is to close it, often for good.
The tree, 13 words mark advcl det obj cc conj cop mark obj punct advmod case conj punct root To PART shutter VERB a DET shop NOUN or CCONJ business NOUN is AUX to PART close VERB it PRON , PUNCT often ADV for ADP good ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 shutter mark 2 shutter shutter VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 close advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 shop det 4 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 2 shutter obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 business cc 6 business business NOUN Number=Sing 4 shop conj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 close cop 8 to to PART _ 9 close mark 9 close close VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 close obj 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 good punct 12 often often ADV _ 14 good advmod 13 for for ADP _ 14 good case 14 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 9 close conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 9 close punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shutter to-infinitive a shop or business vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent shop=Destination 2 is present close property tree rules 3 be often property tree rules
Meaning 4 A shop shutter is a metal roll-down cover on a shop front.
The tree, 13 words det compound nsubj cop det compound compound punct amod case det compound nmod punct root A DET shop NOUN shutter NOUN is AUX a DET metal NOUN roll NOUN - PUNCT down ADJ cover NOUN on ADP a DET shop NOUN front NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 shutter det 2 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 3 shutter compound 3 shutter shutter NOUN Number=Sing 10 cover nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 cover cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 cover det 6 metal metal NOUN Number=Sing 7 roll compound 7 roll roll NOUN Number=Sing 9 down compound 8 - - PUNCT _ 7 roll punct 9 down down ADJ Degree=Pos 10 cover amod 10 cover cover NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 on on ADP _ 14 front case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 front det 13 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 14 front compound 14 front front NOUN Number=Sing 10 cover nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 10 cover punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a shop shutter a down cover a shop front tree rules
Example 1 Grandma closes the shutters when the sun is hot.
nsubj det obj advmod det nsubj cop acl:relcl punct root Grandma NOUN closes VERB the DET shutters NOUN when ADV the DET sun NOUN is AUX hot ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 2 closes nsubj 2 closes close VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 shutters det 4 shutters shutter NOUN Number=Plur 2 closes obj 5 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 hot advmod 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 sun det 7 sun sun NOUN Number=Sing 9 hot nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 hot cop 9 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 4 shutters acl:relcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 closes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 close present Grandma the shutters vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shutter=Patient 2 is present the sun hot property tree rules
Example 2 The shutters banged in the wind all night.
det nsubj case det obl det obl:unmarked punct root The DET shutters NOUN banged VERB in ADP the DET wind NOUN all DET night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shutters det 2 shutters shutter NOUN Number=Plur 3 banged nsubj 3 banged bang VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 wind case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 wind det 6 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 3 banged obl 7 all all DET PronType=Tot 8 night det 8 night night NOUN Number=Sing 3 banged obl:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 banged punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bang past the shutters the wind night vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wind=Location
Example 3 Press the button and the camera shutter clicks.
det obj cc det compound nsubj conj punct root Press VERB the DET button NOUN and CCONJ the DET camera NOUN shutter NOUN clicks VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Press press VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 button det 3 button button NOUN Number=Sing 1 Press obj 4 and and CCONJ _ 8 clicks cc 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 shutter det 6 camera camera NOUN Number=Sing 7 shutter compound 7 shutter shutter NOUN Number=Sing 8 clicks nsubj 8 clicks click VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Press conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Press punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 press imperative you not said here the button vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent button=Theme 2 click present the camera shutter vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 A fast shutter can photograph a running dog without blur.
det amod nsubj aux det amod obj case obl punct root A DET fast ADJ shutter NOUN can AUX photograph VERB a DET running VERB dog NOUN without ADP blur NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 shutter det 2 fast fast ADJ Degree=Pos 3 shutter amod 3 shutter shutter NOUN Number=Sing 5 photograph nsubj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 photograph aux 5 photograph photograph VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 dog det 7 running run VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 dog amod 8 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 5 photograph obj 9 without without ADP _ 10 blur case 10 blur blur NOUN Number=Sing 5 photograph obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 photograph punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 photograph can a fast shutter a running dog without blur vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Theme 2 run gerund vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 The shopkeeper pulled down the metal shutter at six.
det nsubj compound:prt det compound obj case obl punct root The DET shopkeeper NOUN pulled VERB down ADP the DET metal NOUN shutter NOUN at ADP six NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shopkeeper det 2 shopkeeper shopkeeper NOUN Number=Sing 3 pulled nsubj 3 pulled pull VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 down down ADP _ 3 pulled compound:prt 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 shutter det 6 metal metal NOUN Number=Sing 7 shutter compound 7 shutter shutter NOUN Number=Sing 3 pulled obj 8 at at ADP _ 9 six case 9 six six NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 pulled obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 pulled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pull down past the shopkeeper the metal shutter six vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent shutter=Theme at six=Asset
Example 6 Many shops on the high street are shuttered now.
amod nsubj:pass case det amod nmod aux:pass advmod punct root Many ADJ shops NOUN on ADP the DET high ADJ street NOUN are AUX shuttered VERB now ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 shops amod 2 shops shop NOUN Number=Plur 8 shuttered nsubj:pass 3 on on ADP _ 6 street case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 street det 5 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 6 street amod 6 street street NOUN Number=Sing 2 shops nmod 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 shuttered aux:pass 8 shuttered shutter VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 9 now now ADV PronType=Dem 8 shuttered advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 8 shuttered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shutter present · passive Many shops on the high street now vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination
Example 7 Green shutters made the cottage look pretty.
amod nsubj det obj xcomp advmod punct root Green ADJ shutters NOUN made VERB the DET cottage NOUN look VERB pretty ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Green green ADJ Degree=Pos 2 shutters amod 2 shutters shutter NOUN Number=Plur 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 cottage det 5 cottage cottage NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obj 6 look look VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 made xcomp 7 pretty pretty ADV _ 6 look advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past Green shutters the cottage tree rules 2 look infinitive the cottage not said here pretty property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Example 8 The shutters outside the windows were closed, but lights shone through the crevices at the top.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj:pass case det nmod aux:pass punct cc nsubj conj case det obl case det obl punct root The DET shutters NOUN outside ADP the DET windows NOUN were AUX closed VERB , PUNCT but CCONJ lights NOUN shone VERB through ADP the DET crevices NOUN at ADP the DET top NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shutters det 2 shutters shutter NOUN Number=Plur 7 closed nsubj:pass 3 outside outside ADP _ 5 windows case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 windows det 5 windows window NOUN Number=Plur 2 shutters nmod 6 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 closed aux:pass 7 closed close VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 shone punct 9 but but CCONJ _ 11 shone cc 10 lights light NOUN Number=Plur 11 shone nsubj 11 shone shine VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 closed conj 12 through through ADP _ 14 crevices case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 crevices det 14 crevices crevice NOUN Number=Plur 11 shone obl 15 at at ADP _ 17 top case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 top det 17 top top NOUN Number=Sing 11 shone obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 7 closed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 close past · passive the shutters outside the windows vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient 2 shine past lights the crevices at the top vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through crevice=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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