sir Who acts: you, man, pupils, Sir, I, Sir Isaac · What happens: speak, not know, name, call, be, help · To what, where: name, male teacher, UK, title, you, me · Speech: someone speaks here
«sir» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sir in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A polite way to speak to a man whose name you do not know, or to a man in charge.
The tree, 20 words det amod mark acl case det obl nmod:poss nmod nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl punct cc case det conj case nmod punct root A DET polite ADJ way NOUN to PART speak VERB to ADP a DET man NOUN whose PRON name NOUN you PRON do AUX not PART know VERB , PUNCT or CCONJ to ADP a DET man NOUN in ADP charge NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 way det 2 polite polite ADJ Degree=Pos 3 way amod 3 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 to to PART _ 5 speak mark 5 speak speak VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 way acl 6 to to ADP _ 8 man case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 man det 8 man man NOUN Number=Sing 5 speak obl 9 whose whose PRON Poss=Yes PronType=Rel 10 name nmod:poss 10 name name NOUN Number=Sing 8 man nmod 11 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 14 know nsubj 12 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 know aux 13 not not PART Polarity=Neg 14 know advmod 14 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 name acl:relcl 15 , , PUNCT _ 19 man punct 16 or or CCONJ _ 19 man cc 17 to to ADP _ 19 man case 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 man det 19 man man NOUN Number=Sing 8 man conj 20 in in ADP _ 21 charge case 21 charge charge NOUN Number=Sing 19 man nmod 22 . . PUNCT _ 3 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other to-infinitive to a man a man a man's name or a man in charge's name or a man in charge vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to man=Co-Agent 2 not know present · do-support you a man a man name or a man's name or a man in charge's name not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer name=Stimulus 3 name a man a man name or a man in charge's name or a man in charge nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"Can I help you, sir?"
punct aux nsubj obj punct vocative punct punct root " PUNCT Can AUX I PRON help VERB you PRON , PUNCT sir NOUN ? PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 help punct 2 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 help aux 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 help nsubj 4 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 help obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 sir punct 7 sir sir NOUN Number=Sing 4 help vocative 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 help punct 9 " " PUNCT _ 4 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help in a quote can I you sir vocative vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary
Meaning 2 In the UK and Ireland, what pupils call a male teacher.
case det obl cc conj punct obj nsubj det amod obj punct root In ADP the DET UK PROPN and CCONJ Ireland PROPN , PUNCT what PRON pupils NOUN call VERB a DET male ADJ teacher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 UK case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 UK det 3 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 9 call obl 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 Ireland cc 5 Ireland Ireland PROPN Number=Sing 3 UK conj 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 call punct 7 what what PRON PronType=Int 9 call obj 8 pupils pupil NOUN Number=Plur 9 call nsubj 9 call call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 teacher det 11 male male ADJ Degree=Pos 12 teacher amod 12 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 9 call obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 9 call punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present pupils a male teacher the UK and Ireland vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme teacher=Result
Meaning 3 "Sir" with a capital S is a title for a knight in the UK.
The tree, 14 words punct nsubj punct case det compound nmod cop det case det nmod case det nmod punct root " PUNCT Sir PROPN " PUNCT with ADP a DET capital NOUN S NOUN is AUX a DET title NOUN for ADP a DET knight NOUN in ADP the DET UK PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Sir punct 2 Sir Sir PROPN Number=Sing 10 title nsubj 3 " " PUNCT _ 2 Sir punct 4 with with ADP _ 7 S case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 S det 6 capital capital NOUN Number=Sing 7 S compound 7 S s NOUN Number=Sing 2 Sir nmod 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 title cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 title det 10 title title NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 for for ADP _ 13 knight case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 knight det 13 knight knight NOUN Number=Sing 10 title nmod 14 in in ADP _ 16 UK case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 UK det 16 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 13 knight nmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 10 title punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Sir with a capital S a title for a knight in the UK tree rules
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"Sir Isaac Newton".
punct compound compound punct punct root " PUNCT Sir PROPN Isaac PROPN Newton PROPN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 Newton punct 2 Sir Sir PROPN Number=Sing 4 Newton compound 3 Isaac Isaac PROPN Number=Sing 4 Newton compound 4 Newton Newton PROPN Number=Sing root root 5 " " PUNCT _ 4 Newton punct 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 Newton punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 1 Excuse me, sir, you dropped your glove.
obj punct vocative punct nsubj parataxis nmod:poss obj punct root Excuse VERB me PRON , PUNCT sir NOUN , PUNCT you PRON dropped VERB your PRON glove NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Excuse excuse VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 1 Excuse obj 3 , , PUNCT _ 4 sir punct 4 sir sir NOUN Number=Sing 1 Excuse vocative 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 dropped punct 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 dropped nsubj 7 dropped drop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 1 Excuse parataxis 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 glove nmod:poss 9 glove glove NOUN Number=Sing 7 dropped obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Excuse punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 excuse imperative you not said here me sir vocative vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme 2 drop past you your glove vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glove=Theme
Example 2 Please, sir, may I go to the toilet?
discourse punct vocative punct aux nsubj case det obl punct root Please INTJ , PUNCT sir NOUN , PUNCT may AUX I PRON go VERB to ADP the DET toilet NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 7 go discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 3 sir punct 3 sir sir NOUN Number=Sing 1 Please vocative 4 , , PUNCT _ 1 Please punct 5 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 go aux 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 go nsubj 7 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 to to ADP _ 10 toilet case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 toilet det 10 toilet toilet NOUN Number=Sing 7 go obl 11 ? ? PUNCT _ 7 go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go may I the toilet vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to toilet=Initial_Location
Example 3 Sir Isaac Newton was a famous scientist.
compound nsubj flat cop det amod punct root Sir PROPN Isaac PROPN Newton PROPN was AUX a DET famous ADJ scientist NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sir Sir PROPN Number=Sing 2 Isaac compound 2 Isaac Isaac PROPN Number=Sing 7 scientist nsubj 3 Newton Newton PROPN Number=Sing 2 Isaac flat 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 scientist cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 scientist det 6 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos 7 scientist amod 7 scientist scientist NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 scientist punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Sir Isaac a famous scientist tree rules
Example 4 "Yes, sir!" said the soldier.
punct discourse punct ccomp punct punct det obj punct root " PUNCT Yes INTJ , PUNCT sir NOUN ! PUNCT " PUNCT said VERB the DET soldier NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 sir punct 2 Yes yes INTJ Polarity=Pos 4 sir discourse 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Yes punct 4 sir sir NOUN Number=Sing 7 said ccomp 5 ! ! PUNCT _ 4 sir punct 6 " " PUNCT _ 4 sir punct 7 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 soldier det 9 soldier soldier NOUN Number=Sing 7 said obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past the soldier vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 5 The waiter asked, "Would you like water, sir?"
det nsubj punct punct aux nsubj ccomp obj punct conj punct punct root The DET waiter NOUN asked VERB , PUNCT " PUNCT Would AUX you PRON like VERB water NOUN , PUNCT sir NOUN ? PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 waiter det 2 waiter waiter NOUN Number=Sing 3 asked nsubj 3 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 8 like punct 5 " " PUNCT _ 8 like punct 6 Would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 like aux 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 like nsubj 8 like like VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 asked ccomp 9 water water NOUN Number=Sing 8 like obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 sir punct 11 sir sir NOUN Number=Sing 9 water conj 12 ? ? PUNCT _ 8 like punct 13 " " PUNCT _ 8 like punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask past the waiter vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 like in a quote would you water and sir vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot water=Theme
Example 6 Our class calls Mr Brown "Sir".
nmod:poss nsubj obj flat punct appos punct punct root Our PRON class NOUN calls VERB Mr PROPN Brown PROPN " PUNCT Sir PROPN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 class nmod:poss 2 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 calls nsubj 3 calls call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 Mr Mr PROPN Number=Sing 3 calls obj 5 Brown Brown PROPN Number=Sing 4 Mr flat 6 " " PUNCT _ 7 Sir punct 7 Sir Sir PROPN Number=Sing 4 Mr appos 8 " " PUNCT _ 7 Sir punct 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 calls punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present Our class Mr vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent mr=Recipient
Example 7 Letters used to begin "Dear Sir".
nsubj mark advcl punct amod obj punct punct root Letters NOUN used VERB to PART begin VERB " PUNCT Dear ADJ Sir PROPN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 2 used nsubj 2 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 begin mark 4 begin begin VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 used advcl 5 " " PUNCT _ 7 Sir punct 6 Dear dear ADJ Degree=Pos 7 Sir amod 7 Sir Sir PROPN Number=Sing 4 begin obj 8 " " PUNCT _ 7 Sir punct 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past Letters vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 begin to-infinitive Letters not said here Dear Sir vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sir=Eventuality
Example 8 "No, sir, by design," returned Aladdin.
punct discourse punct nsubj punct case conj punct punct obj punct root " PUNCT No INTJ , PUNCT sir NOUN , PUNCT by ADP design NOUN , PUNCT " PUNCT returned VERB Aladdin PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 sir punct 2 No no INTJ Polarity=Neg 4 sir discourse 3 , , PUNCT _ 4 sir punct 4 sir sir NOUN Number=Sing 10 returned nsubj 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 design punct 6 by by ADP _ 7 design case 7 design design NOUN Number=Sing 4 sir conj 8 , , PUNCT _ 4 sir punct 9 " " PUNCT _ 10 returned punct 10 returned return VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 Aladdin Aladdin PROPN Number=Sing 10 returned obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 10 returned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 return past sir and design Aladdin vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aladdin=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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