ski Who acts: ski, We, I, She, ski lift, you · What happens: be, fix, slide, ski, mean, move · To what, where: one, long narrow flat boards, snow, mountains, skis, us · Speech: someone speaks here
«ski» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ski in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A ski is one of a pair of long narrow flat boards fixed to boots for sliding over snow.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cop case det nmod case amod amod amod nmod acl case obl mark advcl case obl punct root A DET ski NOUN is AUX one NUM of ADP a DET pair NOUN of ADP long ADJ narrow ADJ flat ADJ boards NOUN fixed VERB to ADP boots NOUN for SCONJ sliding VERB over ADP snow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ski det 2 ski ski NOUN Number=Sing 4 one nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 one cop 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 pair case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 pair det 7 pair pair NOUN Number=Sing 4 one nmod 8 of of ADP _ 12 boards case 9 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 12 boards amod 10 narrow narrow ADJ Degree=Pos 12 boards amod 11 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 12 boards amod 12 boards board NOUN Number=Plur 7 pair nmod 13 fixed fix VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 boards acl 14 to to ADP _ 15 boots case 15 boots boot NOUN Number=Plur 13 fixed obl 16 for for SCONJ _ 17 sliding mark 17 sliding slide VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 13 fixed advcl 18 over over ADP _ 19 snow case 19 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 17 sliding obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 4 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a ski one of a pair of long narrow flat boards tree rules 2 fix participle long narrow flat boards not said here to boots vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to boot=Co-Patient 3 slide gerund snow vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over snow=Trajectory
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To ski means to move over snow on skis.
mark csubj mark xcomp case obl case obl punct root To PART ski VERB means VERB to PART move VERB over ADP snow NOUN on ADP skis NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 ski mark 2 ski ski VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 move mark 5 move move VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 over over ADP _ 7 snow case 7 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 5 move obl 8 on on ADP _ 9 skis case 9 skis ski NOUN Number=Plur 5 move obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ski to-infinitive vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 move not said to happen to-infinitive snow on skis vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme over snow=Source on ski=Trajectory
Example 1 We went skiing in the mountains.
nsubj xcomp case det obl punct root We PRON went VERB skiing VERB in ADP the DET mountains NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 went nsubj 2 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 skiing ski VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 went xcomp 4 in in ADP _ 6 mountains case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 mountains det 6 mountains mountain NOUN Number=Plur 3 skiing obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past We vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 ski gerund We not said here the mountains vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 I fell over on my skis.
nsubj advmod case nmod:poss obl punct root I PRON fell VERB over ADV on ADP my PRON skis NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 fell nsubj 2 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 over over ADV _ 2 fell advmod 4 on on ADP _ 6 skis case 5 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 skis nmod:poss 6 skis ski NOUN Number=Plur 2 fell obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 fell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall over past I my skis over property vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on ski=Location
Example 3 She skis faster than her dad.
nsubj advmod case nmod:poss obl punct root She PRON skis VERB faster ADV than ADP her PRON dad NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 skis nsubj 2 skis ski VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 faster fast ADV Degree=Cmp 2 skis advmod 4 than than ADP _ 6 dad case 5 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 dad nmod:poss 6 dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 3 faster obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 skis punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ski present She fast property vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 The ski lift took us to the top.
det compound nsubj iobj case det obl punct root The DET ski NOUN lift NOUN took VERB us PRON to ADP the DET top NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 lift det 2 ski ski NOUN Number=Sing 3 lift compound 3 lift lift NOUN Number=Sing 4 took nsubj 4 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 took iobj 6 to to ADP _ 8 top case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 top det 8 top top NOUN Number=Sing 4 took obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past the ski lift us the top vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent we=Theme to top=Destination
Example 5 Always wear a helmet when you ski.
advmod det obj advmod nsubj advcl punct root Always ADV wear VERB a DET helmet NOUN when ADV you PRON ski VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Always always ADV PronType=Tot 2 wear advmod 2 wear wear VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 helmet det 4 helmet helmet NOUN Number=Sing 2 wear obj 5 when when ADV PronType=Int 7 ski advmod 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 ski nsubj 7 ski ski VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 wear advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 wear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear imperative you not said here a helmet always property vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme 2 ski present you vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 He learned to water ski on the lake.
nsubj mark compound obj case det obl punct root He PRON learned VERB to PART water NOUN ski NOUN on ADP the DET lake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 learned nsubj 2 learned learn VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 5 ski mark 4 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 ski compound 5 ski ski NOUN Number=Sing 2 learned obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 lake case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 lake det 8 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 2 learned obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 learned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn past He water ski the lake vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ski=Topic
Example 7 Put your skis on the rack.
nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root Put VERB your PRON skis NOUN on ADP the DET rack NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 skis nmod:poss 3 skis ski NOUN Number=Plur 1 Put obj 4 on on ADP _ 6 rack case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 rack det 6 rack rack NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put imperative you not said here your skis the rack vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent ski=Theme on rack=Destination
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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