skua Who acts: that, seas, people, skua, Great skuas, we · What happens: chase, make, drop, bring up, attack, come · To what, where: other seabirds, seas, food, people, nest, puffin · Speech: someone speaks here
«skua» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: skua in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A large brown seabird of cold northern and southern seas that often chases other seabirds to make them drop or bring up their food, and attacks people who come near its nest.
The tree, 32 words det amod amod case amod amod cc conj nmod nsubj advmod parataxis amod obj mark advcl obj xcomp cc conj compound:prt nmod:poss obj punct cc conj obj nsubj acl:relcl case nmod:poss obl punct root A DET large ADJ brown ADJ seabird NOUN of ADP cold ADJ northern ADJ and CCONJ southern ADJ seas NOUN that PRON often ADV chases VERB other ADJ seabirds NOUN to PART make VERB them PRON drop VERB or CCONJ bring VERB up ADP their PRON food NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ attacks VERB people NOUN who PRON come VERB near ADP its PRON nest NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 seabird det 2 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 4 seabird amod 3 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 4 seabird amod 4 seabird seabird NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 10 seas case 6 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 10 seas amod 7 northern northern ADJ Degree=Pos 10 seas amod 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 southern cc 9 southern southern ADJ Degree=Pos 7 northern conj 10 seas sea NOUN Number=Plur 4 seabird nmod 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 13 chases nsubj 12 often often ADV _ 13 chases advmod 13 chases chase VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 seabird parataxis 14 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 15 seabirds amod 15 seabirds seabird NOUN Number=Plur 13 chases obj 16 to to PART _ 17 make mark 17 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 chases advcl 18 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 make obj 19 drop drop VERB VerbForm=Inf 17 make xcomp 20 or or CCONJ _ 21 bring cc 21 bring bring VERB VerbForm=Inf 19 drop conj 22 up up ADP _ 21 bring compound:prt 23 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 24 food nmod:poss 24 food food NOUN Number=Sing 21 bring obj 25 , , PUNCT _ 27 attacks punct 26 and and CCONJ _ 27 attacks cc 27 attacks attack VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 chases conj 28 people people NOUN Number=Plur 27 attacks obj 29 who who PRON PronType=Rel 30 come nsubj 30 come come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 28 people acl:relcl 31 near near ADP _ 33 nest case 32 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 33 nest nmod:poss 33 nest nest NOUN Number=Sing 30 come obl 34 . . PUNCT _ 4 seabird punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chase present that other seabirds often property vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seabird=Theme 2 make to-infinitive that not said here seas = sea tree rules 3 drop infinitive seas = sea not said here vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 4 bring up infinitive seas = sea not said here seas's food vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent food=Patient 5 attack present that not said here people vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient 6 come present people food's nest vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near nest=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 A skua chased the puffin until it dropped its fish.
det nsubj det obj mark nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj punct root A DET skua NOUN chased VERB the DET puffin NOUN until SCONJ it PRON dropped VERB its PRON fish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 skua det 2 skua skua NOUN Number=Sing 3 chased nsubj 3 chased chase VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 puffin det 5 puffin puffin NOUN Number=Sing 3 chased obj 6 until until SCONJ _ 8 dropped mark 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 dropped nsubj 8 dropped drop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 chased advcl 9 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 fish nmod:poss 10 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 8 dropped obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 chased punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chase past a skua the puffin vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puffin=Theme 2 drop past skua skua's fish vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme
Example 2 Great skuas live on the islands of Shetland.
amod nsubj case det obl case nmod punct root Great ADJ skuas NOUN live VERB on ADP the DET islands NOUN of ADP Shetland PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Great great ADJ Degree=Pos 2 skuas amod 2 skuas skua NOUN Number=Plur 3 live nsubj 3 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 on on ADP _ 6 islands case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 islands det 6 islands island NOUN Number=Plur 3 live obl 7 of of ADP _ 8 Shetland case 8 Shetland Shetland PROPN Number=Sing 6 islands nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present Great skuas the islands of Shetland vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on island=Location
Example 3 The skua swooped at our heads because we were near its nest.
det nsubj case nmod:poss obl mark nsubj cop case nmod:poss advcl punct root The DET skua NOUN swooped VERB at ADP our PRON heads NOUN because SCONJ we PRON were AUX near ADP its PRON nest NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 skua det 2 skua skua NOUN Number=Sing 3 swooped nsubj 3 swooped swoop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 at at ADP _ 6 heads case 5 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 heads nmod:poss 6 heads head NOUN Number=Plur 3 swooped obl 7 because because SCONJ _ 12 nest mark 8 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 nest nsubj 9 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 nest cop 10 near near ADP _ 12 nest case 11 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 nest nmod:poss 12 nest nest NOUN Number=Sing 3 swooped advcl 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 swooped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swoop past the skua our heads tree rules 2 is past we skua's nest tree rules
Example 4 In Antarctica, skuas steal penguin eggs.
case obl punct nsubj compound obj punct root In ADP Antarctica PROPN , PUNCT skuas NOUN steal VERB penguin NOUN eggs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 Antarctica case 2 Antarctica Antarctica PROPN Number=Sing 5 steal obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Antarctica punct 4 skuas skua NOUN Number=Plur 5 steal nsubj 5 steal steal VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 penguin penguin NOUN Number=Sing 7 eggs compound 7 eggs egg NOUN Number=Plur 5 steal obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 steal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 steal present skuas penguin eggs Antarctica vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location egg=Theme
Example 5 Skuas are called the pirates of the sea.
nsubj:pass aux:pass det xcomp case det nmod punct root Skuas NOUN are AUX called VERB the DET pirates NOUN of ADP the DET sea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Skuas skua NOUN Number=Plur 3 called nsubj:pass 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 called aux:pass 3 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 pirates det 5 pirates pirate NOUN Number=Plur 3 called xcomp 6 of of ADP _ 8 sea case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 sea det 8 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 5 pirates nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive Skuas vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 6 The skua is brown and about the size of a big gull.
det nsubj cop cc case det conj case det amod nmod punct root The DET skua NOUN is AUX brown ADJ and CCONJ about ADP the DET size NOUN of ADP a DET big ADJ gull NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 skua det 2 skua skua NOUN Number=Sing 4 brown nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 brown cop 4 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 8 size cc 6 about about ADP _ 8 size case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 size det 8 size size NOUN Number=Sing 4 brown conj 9 of of ADP _ 12 gull case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 gull det 11 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 12 gull amod 12 gull gull NOUN Number=Sing 8 size nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 brown punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the skua brown property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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