sleep Who acts: eyes, mind, you, your, Sleep, sleepover · What happens: be, close, switch off, do, mind, get · To what, where: state, much rest, sleep, gentle death, animal, 9 · Speech: someone speaks here
«sleep» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sleep in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To sleep is to rest with your eyes closed and your mind switched off, as you do at night.
The tree, 19 words case obl cop mark mark nmod:poss nsubj advcl cc nmod:poss nsubj conj compound:prt punct mark nsubj parataxis case obl punct root To ADP sleep NOUN is AUX to PART rest VERB with SCONJ your PRON eyes NOUN closed VERB and CCONJ your PRON mind NOUN switched VERB off ADP , PUNCT as SCONJ you PRON do VERB at ADP night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to ADP _ 2 sleep case 2 sleep sleep NOUN Number=Sing 5 rest obl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 rest cop 4 to to PART _ 5 rest mark 5 rest rest VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 with with SCONJ _ 9 closed mark 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 eyes nmod:poss 8 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 9 closed nsubj 9 closed close VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 5 rest advcl 10 and and CCONJ _ 13 switched cc 11 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 mind nmod:poss 12 mind mind NOUN Number=Sing 13 switched nsubj 13 switched switch VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 closed conj 14 off off ADP _ 13 switched compound:prt 15 , , PUNCT _ 18 do punct 16 as as SCONJ _ 18 do mark 17 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 18 do nsubj 18 do do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 rest parataxis 19 at at ADP _ 20 night case 20 night night NOUN Number=Sing 18 do obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 5 rest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present to sleep; rest property tree rules 2 close participle your eyes vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 3 switch off participle your mind vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 4 do present you night vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 mind your nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Sleep is the state of sleeping, or how much rest you get.
nsubj cop det case nmod punct cc advmod amod nmod nsubj acl:relcl punct root Sleep NOUN is AUX the DET state NOUN of ADP sleeping NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ how ADV much ADJ rest NOUN you PRON get VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sleep sleep NOUN Number=Sing 4 state nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 state cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 state det 4 state state NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 sleeping case 6 sleeping sleeping NOUN Number=Sing 4 state nmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 rest punct 8 or or CCONJ _ 11 rest cc 9 how how ADV PronType=Int 10 much advmod 10 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 11 rest amod 11 rest rest NOUN Number=Sing 4 state nmod 12 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 13 get nsubj 13 get get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 rest acl:relcl 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 state punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Sleep the state of sleeping; much rest nmod tree rules 2 get present you much rest not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rest=Stimulus
Meaning 3 A sleepover is when a friend stays the night.
det nsubj cop mark det nsubj det obl:unmarked punct root A DET sleepover NOUN is AUX when SCONJ a DET friend NOUN stays VERB the DET night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sleepover det 2 sleepover sleepover NOUN Number=Sing 7 stays nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 stays cop 4 when when SCONJ _ 7 stays mark 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 friend det 6 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 7 stays nsubj 7 stays stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 night det 9 night night NOUN Number=Sing 7 stays obl:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 stays punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a sleepover night stay property tree rules
Meaning 4 «Go to sleep» means start sleeping; «put to sleep» can mean to give an animal a gentle death.
The tree, 18 words punct csubj case obl punct ccomp xcomp punct punct parataxis mark xcomp punct aux conj mark xcomp det obj det amod obj punct root « PUNCT Go VERB to ADP sleep NOUN » PUNCT means VERB start VERB sleeping VERB ; PUNCT « PUNCT put VERB to PART sleep VERB » PUNCT can AUX mean VERB to PART give VERB an DET animal NOUN a DET gentle ADJ death NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Go punct 2 Go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means csubj 3 to to ADP _ 4 sleep case 4 sleep sleep NOUN Number=Sing 2 Go obl 5 » » PUNCT _ 2 Go punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 start start VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means ccomp 8 sleeping sleep VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 start xcomp 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 11 put punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 11 put punct 11 put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 means parataxis 12 to to PART _ 13 sleep mark 13 sleep sleep VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 put xcomp 14 » » PUNCT _ 16 mean punct 15 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 16 mean aux 16 mean mean VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 11 put conj 17 to to PART _ 18 give mark 18 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 mean xcomp 19 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 animal det 20 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 18 give obj 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 death det 22 gentle gentle ADJ Degree=Pos 23 death amod 23 death death NOUN Number=Sing 18 give obj 24 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go in a quote infinitive sleep vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to sleep=Initial_Location 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 start infinitive vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 4 sleep gerund vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 put in a quote infinitive tree rules 6 sleep in a quote to-infinitive vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 7 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 8 give not said to happen to-infinitive a gentle death a animal vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent animal=Recipient death=Theme
Example 1 She sleeps 9 hours a night.
nsubj nummod obj det obl:unmarked punct root She PRON sleeps VERB 9 NUM hours NOUN a DET night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 sleeps nsubj 2 sleeps sleep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 hours nummod 4 hours hour NOUN Number=Plur 2 sleeps obj 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 night det 6 night night NOUN Number=Sing 2 sleeps obl:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 sleeps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sleep present She hour; night vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 He slept from 9 pm to 7 am.
nsubj case obl nmod:unmarked case nmod nmod:unmarked punct root He PRON slept VERB from ADP 9 NUM pm NOUN to ADP 7 NUM am NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 slept nsubj 2 slept sleep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 from from ADP _ 4 9 case 4 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 slept obl 5 pm p.m. NOUN Number=Sing 4 9 nmod:unmarked 6 to to ADP _ 7 7 case 7 7 7 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 9 nmod 8 am a.m. NOUN Number=Sing 7 7 nmod:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 slept punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sleep past He 9 pm to 7 am vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 How many hours does he sleep in a week?
advmod amod nsubj aux nsubj case det obl punct root How ADV many ADJ hours NOUN does AUX he PRON sleep VERB in ADP a DET week NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 hours amod 3 hours hour NOUN Number=Plur 6 sleep nsubj 4 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 sleep aux 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 sleep nsubj 6 sleep sleep VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 in in ADP _ 9 week case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 week det 9 week week NOUN Number=Sing 6 sleep obl 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 sleep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sleep present · do-support many hours week vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 The baby sleeps 3 hours more than her brother.
det nsubj nummod obl:unmarked obj case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET baby NOUN sleeps VERB 3 NUM hours NOUN more ADJ than ADP her PRON brother NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 baby det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 3 sleeps nsubj 3 sleeps sleep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 hours nummod 5 hours hour NOUN Number=Plur 6 more obl:unmarked 6 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 sleeps obj 7 than than ADP _ 9 brother case 8 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 brother nmod:poss 9 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 6 more obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 sleeps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sleep present the baby more vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Theme
Example 5 Turn off your screen an hour before you go to sleep.
compound:prt nmod:poss obj det obl:unmarked mark nsubj advcl mark xcomp punct root Turn VERB off ADP your PRON screen NOUN an DET hour NOUN before SCONJ you PRON go VERB to PART sleep VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Turn turn VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 off off ADP _ 1 Turn compound:prt 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 screen nmod:poss 4 screen screen NOUN Number=Sing 1 Turn obj 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 hour det 6 hour hour NOUN Number=Sing 1 Turn obl:unmarked 7 before before SCONJ _ 9 go mark 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 go nsubj 9 go go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Turn advcl 10 to to PART _ 11 sleep mark 11 sleep sleep VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 go xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 1 Turn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn off imperative you not said here your screen hour vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent screen=Patient 2 go present you vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 sleep to-infinitive you not said here vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Bears sleep through the cold winter.
nsubj case det amod obl punct root Bears NOUN sleep VERB through ADP the DET cold ADJ winter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bears bear NOUN Number=Plur 2 sleep nsubj 2 sleep sleep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 through through ADP _ 6 winter case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 winter det 5 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 6 winter amod 6 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 2 sleep obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 sleep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sleep present Bears winter vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 We slept in sleeping bags in the tent.
nsubj case compound obl case det obl punct root We PRON slept VERB in ADP sleeping NOUN bags NOUN in ADP the DET tent NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 slept nsubj 2 slept sleep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 bags case 4 sleeping sleeping NOUN Number=Sing 5 bags compound 5 bags bag NOUN Number=Plur 2 slept obl 6 in in ADP _ 8 tent case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 tent det 8 tent tent NOUN Number=Sing 2 slept obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 slept punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sleep past We sleeping bags in the tent vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in bag=Location
Example 8 My leg has gone to sleep!
nmod:poss nsubj aux mark advcl punct root My PRON leg NOUN has AUX gone VERB to PART sleep VERB ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 leg nmod:poss 2 leg leg NOUN Number=Sing 4 gone nsubj 3 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 gone aux 4 gone go VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 5 to to PART _ 6 sleep mark 6 sleep sleep VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 gone advcl 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 4 gone punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present · perfect My leg vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 sleep to-infinitive My leg not said here vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 9 The old man went to sleep.
det amod nsubj case obl punct root The DET old ADJ man NOUN went VERB to ADP sleep NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 man det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 man amod 3 man man NOUN Number=Sing 4 went nsubj 4 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to ADP _ 6 sleep case 6 sleep sleep NOUN Number=Sing 4 went obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past the old man sleep vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to sleep=Initial_Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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