sludge

Who acts: sludge hammer, wellies, Green sludge, water, porridge, Car engines · What happens: leave, clean, be, sink, cover, block · To what, where: Thick dirty stuff, water, big heavy hammer, sludge, bottom, drain

«sludge» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sludge in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Thick, soft, wet mud or a mix of mud and dirty liquid.

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 mud	amod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Thick	punct
3	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 mud	amod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 soft	punct
5	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 mud	amod
6	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 mix	cc
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 mix	det
9	mix	mix	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 mud	conj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 mud	case
11	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 mix	nmod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 liquid	cc
13	dirty	dirty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 liquid	amod
14	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 mud	conj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 mud	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 2

Thick, dirty stuff left after cleaning water or from machines: sewage sludge, oil sludge.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 stuff	amod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Thick	punct
3	dirty	dirty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 stuff	amod
4	stuff	stuff	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 stuff	acl
6	after	after	SCONJ	_	7 cleaning	mark
7	cleaning	clean	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 left	advcl
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 cleaning	obj
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	11 machines	cc
10	from	from	ADP	_	11 machines	case
11	machines	machine	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 water	conj
12	:	:	PUNCT	_	14 sludge	punct
13	sewage	sewage	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 sludge	compound
14	sludge	sludge	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 stuff	appos
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 sludge	punct
16	oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 sludge	compound
17	sludge	sludge	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 sludge	conj
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 stuff	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leave	participle		Thick dirty stuff not said here					vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	clean	gerund		water or machines					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent water=Patient

Meaning 3

Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

Any thick, unpleasant mess, like soggy food or slushy snow.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	5 mess	det
2	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 mess	amod
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 thick	punct
4	unpleasant	unpleasant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 mess	amod
5	mess	mess	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 food	punct
7	like	like	ADP	_	9 food	case
8	soggy	soggy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 food	amod
9	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 mess	conj
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 snow	cc
11	slushy	slushy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 snow	amod
12	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 food	conj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 mess	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 4

A sludge-hammer is a big, heavy hammer.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 hammer	det
2	sludge	sludge	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hammer	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 sludge	punct
4	hammer	hammer	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 hammer	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 hammer	cop
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 hammer	det
7	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 hammer	amod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 big	punct
9	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 hammer	amod
10	hammer	hammer	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 hammer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a sludge hammer	a big heavy hammer					tree rules

Example 1

Our wellies sank into the sludge.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 wellies	nmod:poss
2	wellies	welly	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sank	nsubj
3	sank	sink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	6 sludge	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sludge	det
6	sludge	sludge	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sank	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 sank	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sink	past	Our wellies			the sludge			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Example 2

Green sludge covered the bottom of the pond.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 sludge	amod
2	sludge	sludge	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 covered	nsubj
3	covered	cover	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 bottom	det
5	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 covered	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 pond	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 pond	det
8	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bottom	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 covered	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cover	past	Green sludge	the bottom of the pond					vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bottom=Destination

Example 3

The drain was blocked with sludge.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 drain	det
2	drain	drain	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 blocked	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 blocked	aux:pass
4	blocked	block	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 sludge	case
6	sludge	sludge	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 blocked	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 blocked	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	block	past · passive		the drain				with sludge	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with sludge=Theme

Example 4

At the water works, sludge is taken out of the dirty water.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	At	at	ADP	_	3 water	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 water	det
3	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 works	nsubj
4	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 taken	punct
6	sludge	sludge	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 taken	nsubj:pass
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 taken	aux:pass
8	taken	take	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 works	advcl
9	out	out	ADP	_	13 water	case
10	of	of	ADP	_	13 water	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 water	det
12	dirty	dirty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 water	amod
13	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 taken	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 works	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	work	present	the water						vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	take out	present · passive		sludge		the dirty water			tree rules

Example 5

The porridge turned into a cold grey sludge.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 porridge	det
2	porridge	porridge	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turned	nsubj
3	turned	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	8 sludge	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 sludge	det
6	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 sludge	amod
7	grey	grey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 sludge	amod
8	sludge	sludge	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turned	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 turned	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	past	the porridge			a cold grey sludge			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into sludge=Trajectory

Example 6

Car engines can fill with oil sludge if they are not serviced.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 engines	compound
2	engines	engine	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 fill	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 fill	aux
4	fill	fill	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 sludge	case
6	oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sludge	compound
7	sludge	sludge	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fill	obl
8	if	if	SCONJ	_	12 serviced	mark
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 serviced	nsubj
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 serviced	aux:pass
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 serviced	advmod
12	serviced	service	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 fill	advcl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 fill	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fill	can	Car engines					with oil sludge	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with sludge=Instrument
2	not service a condition, not said to happen	present · passive		engines = engine					tree rules

Example 7

Ole Brer Fox, he grab de sludge-hammer, he did, en he come down on de rock--blim!

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ole	ole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 Fox	amod
2	Brer	Brer	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Fox	compound
3	Fox	fox	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 grab	nsubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 Fox	punct
5	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 grab	nsubj
6	grab	grab	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	de	de	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 hammer	amod
8	sludge	sludge	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 hammer	compound
9	-	-	PUNCT	_	8 sludge	punct
10	hammer	hammer	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 grab	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 did	punct
12	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 did	nsubj
13	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 grab	parataxis
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 en	punct
15	en	en	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 did	obj
16	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 come	nsubj
17	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres Typo=Yes VerbForm=Fin	15 en	acl:relcl
18	down	down	ADV	_	17 come	advmod
19	on	on	ADP	_	21 rock	case
20	de	de	X	Foreign=Yes	21 rock	compound
21	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 come	obl
22	--	--	PUNCT	_	23 blim	punct
23	blim	blim	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 rock	conj
24	!	!	PUNCT	_	6 grab	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	grab	present	Ole Brer Fox	de sludge hammer			vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hammer=Theme
2	do	past	Fox	en			vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent en=Eventuality
3	come down	present	Fox	en not said here	de rock and blim	down property	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location en=Theme

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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