slum Who acts: slum, people, bedroom, Many families, slums, city · What happens: be, build, lack, slum, mean, live · To what, where: poor crowded part, houses, clean water, it, you, slum · Speech: someone speaks here
«slum» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: slum in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A slum is a very poor, crowded part of a city where houses are badly built and people often lack clean water, toilets and safe electricity.
The tree, 26 words det nsubj cop det advmod amod punct amod case det nmod advmod nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod acl:relcl cc nsubj advmod conj amod obj punct conj cc amod conj punct root A DET slum NOUN is AUX a DET very ADV poor ADJ , PUNCT crowded ADJ part NOUN of ADP a DET city NOUN where ADV houses NOUN are AUX badly ADV built VERB and CCONJ people NOUN often ADV lack VERB clean ADJ water NOUN , PUNCT toilets NOUN and CCONJ safe ADJ electricity NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 slum det 2 slum slum NOUN Number=Sing 9 part nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 part cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 part det 5 very very ADV _ 6 poor advmod 6 poor poor ADJ Degree=Pos 9 part amod 7 , , PUNCT _ 6 poor punct 8 crowded crowded ADJ Degree=Pos 9 part amod 9 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 of of ADP _ 12 city case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 city det 12 city city NOUN Number=Sing 9 part nmod 13 where where ADV PronType=Rel 17 built advmod 14 houses house NOUN Number=Plur 17 built nsubj:pass 15 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 built aux:pass 16 badly badly ADV Degree=Pos 17 built advmod 17 built build VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 city acl:relcl 18 and and CCONJ _ 21 lack cc 19 people people NOUN Number=Plur 21 lack nsubj 20 often often ADV _ 21 lack advmod 21 lack lack VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 built conj 22 clean clean ADJ Degree=Pos 23 water amod 23 water water NOUN Number=Sing 21 lack obj 24 , , PUNCT _ 25 toilets punct 25 toilets toilet NOUN Number=Plur 23 water conj 26 and and CCONJ _ 28 electricity cc 27 safe safe ADJ Degree=Pos 28 electricity amod 28 electricity electricity NOUN Number=Sing 23 water conj 29 . . PUNCT _ 9 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a slum a poor crowded part of a city tree rules 2 build present · passive houses badly property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product 3 lack present people clean water and toilets and safe electricity often property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: informal, UK — kept apart, not parsed.
A very messy, dirty room or house.
det advmod amod punct amod cc conj punct root A DET very ADV messy ADJ , PUNCT dirty ADJ room NOUN or CCONJ house NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 room det 2 very very ADV _ 3 messy advmod 3 messy messy ADJ Degree=Pos 6 room amod 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 messy punct 5 dirty dirty ADJ Degree=Pos 6 room amod 6 room room NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 house cc 8 house house NOUN Number=Sing 6 room conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 room punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"Your bedroom is a slum!"
punct nmod:poss nsubj cop det punct punct root " PUNCT Your PRON bedroom NOUN is AUX a DET slum NOUN ! PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 6 slum punct 2 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 bedroom nmod:poss 3 bedroom bedroom NOUN Number=Sing 6 slum nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 slum cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 slum det 6 slum slum NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 6 slum punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 6 slum punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a in a quote present Your bedroom a slum tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: verb, informal — kept apart, not parsed.
To slum it means to live or stay somewhere much cheaper or less comfortable than you are used to, often just for a short time.
The tree, 25 words mark csubj obj mark xcomp cc conj advmod advmod advcl cc advmod conj mark nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl xcomp punct advmod advmod case det amod obl punct root To PART slum VERB it PRON means VERB to PART live VERB or CCONJ stay VERB somewhere ADV much ADV cheaper ADJ or CCONJ less ADV comfortable ADJ than SCONJ you PRON are AUX used VERB to PART , PUNCT often ADV just ADV for ADP a DET short ADJ time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 slum mark 2 slum slum VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means csubj 3 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 slum obj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 live mark 6 live live VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means xcomp 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 stay cc 8 stay stay VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 live conj 9 somewhere somewhere ADV PronType=Ind 8 stay advmod 10 much much ADV _ 11 cheaper advmod 11 cheaper cheap ADJ Degree=Cmp 8 stay advcl 12 or or CCONJ _ 14 comfortable cc 13 less less ADV Degree=Cmp 14 comfortable advmod 14 comfortable comfortable ADJ Degree=Pos 11 cheaper conj 15 than than SCONJ _ 18 used mark 16 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 18 used nsubj:pass 17 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 used aux:pass 18 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 14 comfortable advcl 19 to to PART _ 18 used xcomp 20 , , PUNCT _ 26 time punct 21 often often ADV _ 26 time advmod 22 just just ADV _ 26 time advmod 23 for for ADP _ 26 time case 24 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 26 time det 25 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 26 time amod 26 time time NOUN Number=Sing 8 stay obl 27 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 slum to-infinitive it tree rules 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 live not said to happen to-infinitive vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 stay infinitive time somewhere property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 use present · passive you vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 1 Many families in the slum shared one water tap.
amod nsubj case det nmod nummod compound obj punct root Many ADJ families NOUN in ADP the DET slum NOUN shared VERB one NUM water NOUN tap NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 families amod 2 families family NOUN Number=Plur 6 shared nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 5 slum case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 slum det 5 slum slum NOUN Number=Sing 2 families nmod 6 shared share VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 tap nummod 8 water water NOUN Number=Sing 9 tap compound 9 tap tap NOUN Number=Sing 6 shared obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 shared punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 share past Many families in the slum one water tap tree rules
Example 2 In Victorian times, slums near the factories were full of smoke and disease.
The tree, 13 words case amod obl punct nsubj case det nmod cop case obl cc conj punct root In ADP Victorian ADJ times NOUN , PUNCT slums NOUN near ADP the DET factories NOUN were AUX full ADJ of ADP smoke NOUN and CCONJ disease NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 times case 2 Victorian victorian ADJ Degree=Pos 3 times amod 3 times time NOUN Number=Plur 10 full obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 times punct 5 slums slum NOUN Number=Plur 10 full nsubj 6 near near ADP _ 8 factories case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 factories det 8 factories factory NOUN Number=Plur 5 slums nmod 9 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 full cop 10 full full ADJ Degree=Pos root root 11 of of ADP _ 12 smoke case 12 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 10 full obl 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 disease cc 14 disease disease NOUN Number=Sing 12 smoke conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 10 full punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past slums near the factories time of smoke and disease; full property tree rules
Example 3 The city cleared the old slums and built new flats.
det nsubj det amod obj cc conj amod obj punct root The DET city NOUN cleared VERB the DET old ADJ slums NOUN and CCONJ built VERB new ADJ flats NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 city det 2 city city NOUN Number=Sing 3 cleared nsubj 3 cleared clear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 slums det 5 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 6 slums amod 6 slums slum NOUN Number=Plur 3 cleared obj 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 built cc 8 built build VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 cleared conj 9 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 10 flats amod 10 flats flat NOUN Number=Plur 8 built obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 cleared punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 clear past the city the old slums vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent slum=Source 2 build past the city not said here new flats vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset flat=Product
Example 4 Mum looked into my room and said it was a total slum.
nsubj case nmod:poss obl cc conj nsubj cop det amod ccomp punct root Mum NOUN looked VERB into ADP my PRON room NOUN and CCONJ said VERB it PRON was AUX a DET total ADJ slum NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 2 looked nsubj 2 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 into into ADP _ 5 room case 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 room nmod:poss 5 room room NOUN Number=Sing 2 looked obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 said cc 7 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 looked conj 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 slum nsubj 9 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 slum cop 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 slum det 11 total total ADJ Degree=Pos 12 slum amod 12 slum slum NOUN Number=Sing 7 said ccomp 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past Mum into my room vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent into room=Theme 2 say speech: assert past Mum not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 3 is a past room a total slum tree rules
Example 5 We had to slum it in a tiny tent when the hotel was full.
The tree, 14 words nsubj mark xcomp obj case det amod obl mark det nsubj cop advcl punct root We PRON had VERB to PART slum VERB it PRON in ADP a DET tiny ADJ tent NOUN when SCONJ the DET hotel NOUN was AUX full ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 slum mark 4 slum slum VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 had xcomp 5 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 slum obj 6 in in ADP _ 9 tent case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 tent det 8 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 9 tent amod 9 tent tent NOUN Number=Sing 4 slum obl 10 when when SCONJ _ 14 full mark 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 hotel det 12 hotel hotel NOUN Number=Sing 14 full nsubj 13 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 14 full cop 14 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 4 slum advcl 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past We tree rules 2 slum to-infinitive We not said here it a tiny tent tree rules 3 is past the hotel full property tree rules
Example 6 Charities help children in slums go to school.
nsubj obj mark nsubj advcl case obl punct root Charities NOUN help VERB children NOUN in SCONJ slums NOUN go VERB to ADP school NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Charities charity NOUN Number=Plur 2 help nsubj 2 help help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 children child NOUN Number=Plur 2 help obj 4 in in SCONJ _ 6 go mark 5 slums slum NOUN Number=Plur 6 go nsubj 6 go go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 help advcl 7 to to ADP _ 8 school case 8 school school NOUN Number=Sing 6 go obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Charities children vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Beneficiary 2 go present slums school vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to school=Initial_Location
Example 7 A slum landlord was fined for leaving the flats damp and cold.
det amod nsubj:pass aux:pass mark advcl det obj xcomp cc conj punct root A DET slum ADJ landlord NOUN was AUX fined VERB for SCONJ leaving VERB the DET flats NOUN damp ADJ and CCONJ cold ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 landlord det 2 slum slum ADJ Degree=Pos 3 landlord amod 3 landlord landlord NOUN Number=Sing 5 fined nsubj:pass 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 fined aux:pass 5 fined fine VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 for for SCONJ _ 7 leaving mark 7 leaving leave VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 fined advcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 flats det 9 flats flat NOUN Number=Plur 7 leaving obj 10 damp damp ADJ Degree=Pos 7 leaving xcomp 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 cold cc 12 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 10 damp conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 fined punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fine past · passive a slum landlord vn bill-54.5-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient 2 leave gerund the flats damp property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flat=Theme
Example 8 Our geography teacher showed photos of a huge slum in Mumbai.
nmod:poss compound nsubj obj case det amod nmod case nmod punct root Our PRON geography NOUN teacher NOUN showed VERB photos NOUN of ADP a DET huge ADJ slum NOUN in ADP Mumbai PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 teacher nmod:poss 2 geography geography NOUN Number=Sing 3 teacher compound 3 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 4 showed nsubj 4 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 photos photo NOUN Number=Plur 4 showed obj 6 of of ADP _ 9 slum case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 slum det 8 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 9 slum amod 9 slum slum NOUN Number=Sing 5 photos nmod 10 in in ADP _ 11 Mumbai case 11 Mumbai Mumbai PROPN Number=Sing 9 slum nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past Our geography teacher photos of a huge slum in Mumbai vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent photo=Recipient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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