snowball

Who acts: We, Sam, you, rumour, One small lie · What happens: press, throw, grow, roll, have, make · To what, where: ball, play, snowball, snow, snowball fight, park

«snowball» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: snowball in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A ball of snow pressed together with the hands, often thrown in play.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 ball	det
2	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 thrown	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 snow	case
4	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ball	nmod
5	pressed	press	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 ball	acl
6	together	together	ADV	_	5 pressed	advmod
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 hands	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 hands	det
9	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 pressed	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 thrown	punct
11	often	often	ADV	_	12 thrown	advmod
12	thrown	throw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 play	case
14	play	play	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 thrown	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 thrown	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	press	participle		a ball of snow not said here				with the hands; together property	vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
2	throw	participle · passive		a ball of snow		play		often property	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: subject=Theme in play=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

As a verb, to grow bigger and bigger, faster and faster, like a snowball rolled through snow.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	As	as	ADP	_	3 verb	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 verb	det
3	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 grow	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 grow	punct
5	to	to	PART	_	6 grow	mark
6	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 grow	xcomp
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 bigger	cc
9	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 bigger	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 faster	punct
11	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 bigger	conj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 faster	cc
13	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 bigger	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 snowball	punct
15	like	like	ADP	_	17 snowball	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 snowball	det
17	snowball	snowball	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 grow	obl
18	rolled	roll	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 snowball	acl
19	through	through	ADP	_	20 snow	case
20	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 rolled	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 grow	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	to-infinitive						as a verb; like a snowball; big property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	roll	participle		a snowball not said here		snow			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through snow=Trajectory

Example 1

We had a snowball fight in the park.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 fight	det
4	snowball	snowball	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fight	compound
5	fight	fight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 had	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 park	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 park	det
8	park	park	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fight	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 had	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	We	a snowball fight		the park			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fight=Patient

Example 2

Sam rolled a snowball to make a snowman.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 rolled	nsubj
2	rolled	roll	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 snowball	det
4	snowball	snowball	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rolled	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 make	mark
6	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 rolled	advcl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 snowman	det
8	snowman	snowman	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 make	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 rolled	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	roll	past	Sam	a snowball					vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent snowball=Theme
2	make	to-infinitive	Sam not said here	a snowman					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset snowman=Product

Example 3

Never put stones inside a snowball.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	2 put	advmod
2	put	put	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 put	obj
4	inside	inside	ADP	_	6 snowball	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 snowball	det
6	snowball	snowball	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 put	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 put	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not put	imperative	you not said here	stones		a snowball			vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent stone=Theme inside snowball=Destination

Example 4

Don't throw snowballs at people's faces or at cars.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 throw	aux
2	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	3 throw	advmod
3	throw	throw	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	snowballs	snowball	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 throw	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	8 faces	case
6	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 faces	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 people	case
8	faces	face	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 throw	obl
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	11 cars	cc
10	at	at	ADP	_	11 cars	case
11	cars	car	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 faces	conj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 throw	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not throw	imperative · do-support	you not said here	snowballs		people's faces or cars			vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent snowball=Theme at face=Destination

Example 5

The rumour snowballed until the whole school had heard it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rumour	det
2	rumour	rumour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 snowballed	nsubj
3	snowballed	snowball	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	until	until	SCONJ	_	9 heard	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 school	det
6	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 school	amod
7	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 heard	nsubj:pass
8	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 heard	aux
9	heard	hear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 snowballed	advcl
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 heard	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 snowballed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	snowball	past	the rumour						tree rules
2	hear	past · perfect · passive		the whole school					tree rules

Example 6

One small lie can snowball into a big problem.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 lie	nummod
2	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 lie	amod
3	lie	lie	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 snowball	nsubj
4	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 snowball	aux
5	snowball	snowball	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	into	into	ADP	_	9 problem	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 problem	det
8	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 problem	amod
9	problem	problem	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 snowball	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 snowball	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	snowball	can	One small lie			a big problem			tree rules

Example 7

The snowball melted on the warm windowsill.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 snowball	det
2	snowball	snowball	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	melted	melt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 snowball	acl
4	on	on	ADP	_	7 windowsill	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 windowsill	det
6	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 windowsill	amod
7	windowsill	windowsill	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 melted	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 snowball	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	melt	participle		the snowball not said here		the warm windowsill			vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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