snowplough Who acts: snowplough, front, skiing, way, We, you · What happens: be, push, slow down, point, clear, hear · To what, where: vehicle, snow, roads, way, front tips, road · Speech: someone speaks here
«snowplough» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: snowplough in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A snowplough is a vehicle or machine with a big blade at the front that pushes snow off roads and paths.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det cc conj case det amod nmod case det nmod nsubj acl:relcl obj case obl cc conj punct root A DET snowplough NOUN is AUX a DET vehicle NOUN or CCONJ machine NOUN with ADP a DET big ADJ blade NOUN at ADP the DET front NOUN that PRON pushes VERB snow NOUN off ADP roads NOUN and CCONJ paths NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 snowplough det 2 snowplough snowplough NOUN Number=Sing 5 vehicle nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 vehicle cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 vehicle det 5 vehicle vehicle NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 machine cc 7 machine machine NOUN Number=Sing 5 vehicle conj 8 with with ADP _ 11 blade case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 blade det 10 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 11 blade amod 11 blade blade NOUN Number=Sing 5 vehicle nmod 12 at at ADP _ 14 front case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 front det 14 front front NOUN Number=Sing 11 blade nmod 15 that that PRON PronType=Rel 16 pushes nsubj 16 pushes push VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 front acl:relcl 17 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 16 pushes obj 18 off off ADP _ 19 roads case 19 roads road NOUN Number=Plur 16 pushes obl 20 and and CCONJ _ 21 paths cc 21 paths path NOUN Number=Plur 19 roads conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 5 vehicle punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a snowplough a vehicle or machine with a big blade at the front tree rules 2 push present the front snow roads and paths vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent snow=Theme off road=Trajectory
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In skiing, the snowplough is a way of slowing down by pointing the front tips of the skis together in a V shape.
The tree, 23 words case nsubj punct det nsubj cop det mark acl compound:prt mark advcl det amod obj case det nmod advmod case det amod obl punct root In ADP skiing NOUN , PUNCT the DET snowplough NOUN is AUX a DET way NOUN of SCONJ slowing VERB down ADP by SCONJ pointing VERB the DET front ADJ tips NOUN of ADP the DET skis NOUN together ADV in ADP a DET V ADJ shape NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 skiing case 2 skiing skiing NOUN Number=Sing 8 way nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 skiing punct 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 snowplough det 5 snowplough snowplough NOUN Number=Sing 8 way nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 way cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 way det 8 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 of of SCONJ _ 10 slowing mark 10 slowing slow VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 way acl 11 down down ADP _ 10 slowing compound:prt 12 by by SCONJ _ 13 pointing mark 13 pointing point VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 slowing advcl 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 tips det 15 front front ADJ Degree=Pos 16 tips amod 16 tips tip NOUN Number=Plur 13 pointing obj 17 of of ADP _ 19 skis case 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 skis det 19 skis ski NOUN Number=Plur 16 tips nmod 20 together together ADV _ 13 pointing advmod 21 in in ADP _ 24 shape case 22 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 24 shape det 23 V v ADJ Degree=Pos 24 shape amod 24 shape shape NOUN Number=Sing 13 pointing obl 25 . . PUNCT _ 8 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present skiing a way tree rules 2 slow down gerund a way not said here vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 3 point gerund a way not said here the front tips of the skis in a V shape; together property vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent tip=Patient in shape=Theme
Example 1 The snowplough cleared the road before school.
det nsubj det obj case obl punct root The DET snowplough NOUN cleared VERB the DET road NOUN before ADP school NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 snowplough det 2 snowplough snowplough NOUN Number=Sing 3 cleared nsubj 3 cleared clear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 road det 5 road road NOUN Number=Sing 3 cleared obj 6 before before ADP _ 7 school case 7 school school NOUN Number=Sing 3 cleared obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 cleared punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 clear past the snowplough the road before school vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent road=Source
Example 2 We heard the snowplough scraping in the night.
nsubj det obj acl case det obl punct root We PRON heard VERB the DET snowplough NOUN scraping VERB in ADP the DET night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 heard nsubj 2 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 snowplough det 4 snowplough snowplough NOUN Number=Sing 2 heard obj 5 scraping scrape VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 snowplough acl 6 in in ADP _ 8 night case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 night det 8 night night NOUN Number=Sing 5 scraping obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear past We the snowplough vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer snowplough=Stimulus 2 scrape gerund the snowplough not said here night vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
Example 3 Keep away from the snowplough when it is working.
advmod case det obl mark nsubj aux advcl punct root Keep VERB away ADV from ADP the DET snowplough NOUN when SCONJ it PRON is AUX working VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 away away ADV _ 1 Keep advmod 3 from from ADP _ 5 snowplough case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 snowplough det 5 snowplough snowplough NOUN Number=Sing 1 Keep obl 6 when when SCONJ _ 9 working mark 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 working nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 working aux 9 working work VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Keep advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep away imperative you not said here the snowplough away property vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer from snowplough=Eventuality 2 work present · progressive snowplough vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Don't build snow forts near the road, because the snowplough could bury them.
The tree, 14 words aux advmod compound obj case det obl punct mark det nsubj aux conj obj punct root Do AUX n't PART build VERB snow NOUN forts NOUN near ADP the DET road NOUN , PUNCT because SCONJ the DET snowplough NOUN could AUX bury VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 build aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 build advmod 3 build build VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 5 forts compound 5 forts fort NOUN Number=Plur 3 build obj 6 near near ADP _ 8 road case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 road det 8 road road NOUN Number=Sing 3 build obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 14 bury punct 10 because because SCONJ _ 14 bury mark 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 snowplough det 12 snowplough snowplough NOUN Number=Sing 14 bury nsubj 13 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 14 bury aux 14 bury bury VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 build conj 15 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 bury obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 build punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not build imperative · do-support you not said here snow forts the road vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset fort=Product 2 bury could the snowplough forts = fort vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
Example 5 The ski teacher showed us how to do the snowplough.
det compound nsubj iobj advmod mark ccomp det obj punct root The DET ski NOUN teacher NOUN showed VERB us PRON how ADV to PART do VERB the DET snowplough NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 teacher det 2 ski ski NOUN Number=Sing 3 teacher compound 3 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 4 showed nsubj 4 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 showed iobj 6 how how ADV PronType=Int 8 do advmod 7 to to PART _ 8 do mark 8 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 showed ccomp 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 snowplough det 10 snowplough snowplough NOUN Number=Sing 8 do obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past the ski teacher us vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic 2 do to-infinitive the snowplough vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent snowplough=Eventuality
Example 6 Make a snowplough with your skis to slow down.
det obj case nmod:poss obl mark advcl compound:prt punct root Make VERB a DET snowplough NOUN with ADP your PRON skis NOUN to PART slow VERB down ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 snowplough det 3 snowplough snowplough NOUN Number=Sing 1 Make obj 4 with with ADP _ 6 skis case 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 skis nmod:poss 6 skis ski NOUN Number=Plur 1 Make obl 7 to to PART _ 8 slow mark 8 slow slow VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Make advcl 9 down down ADP _ 8 slow compound:prt 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make imperative you not said here a snowplough with your skis vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset snowplough=Product 2 slow down to-infinitive you not said here vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 7 The snowplough pushed the snow into big piles.
det nsubj det obj case amod obl punct root The DET snowplough NOUN pushed VERB the DET snow NOUN into ADP big ADJ piles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 snowplough det 2 snowplough snowplough NOUN Number=Sing 3 pushed nsubj 3 pushed push VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 snow det 5 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 3 pushed obj 6 into into ADP _ 8 piles case 7 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 8 piles amod 8 piles pile NOUN Number=Plur 3 pushed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 pushed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 push past the snowplough the snow big piles vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent snow=Theme into pile=Destination
Example 8 Our town has three snowploughs.
nmod:poss nsubj nummod obj punct root Our PRON town NOUN has VERB three NUM snowploughs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 town nmod:poss 2 town town NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 snowploughs nummod 5 snowploughs snowplough NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Our town three snowploughs vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent snowplough=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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