snuff Who acts: snuff, candle, they, rain, our, people · What happens: be, press, cover, flame, snuff out, end · To what, where: flame, something, it, fire, hopes, tobacco ground · Speech: someone speaks here
«snuff» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: snuff in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To snuff (or snuff out) a candle is to put out its flame, often by pressing it or covering it.
The tree, 20 words mark nsubj:outer punct cc appos compound:prt punct det conj cop mark compound:prt nmod:poss obj punct advmod mark advcl obj cc conj obj punct root To PART snuff NOUN ( PUNCT or CCONJ snuff NOUN out ADP ) PUNCT a DET candle NOUN is AUX to PART put VERB out ADP its PRON flame NOUN , PUNCT often ADV by SCONJ pressing VERB it PRON or CCONJ covering VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 snuff mark 2 snuff snuff NOUN Number=Sing 12 put nsubj:outer 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 snuff punct 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 snuff cc 5 snuff snuff NOUN Number=Sing 2 snuff appos 6 out out ADP _ 5 snuff compound:prt 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 snuff punct 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 candle det 9 candle candle NOUN Number=Sing 2 snuff conj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 put cop 11 to to PART _ 12 put mark 12 put put VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 13 out out ADP _ 12 put compound:prt 14 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 15 flame nmod:poss 15 flame flame NOUN Number=Sing 12 put obj 16 , , PUNCT _ 19 pressing punct 17 often often ADV _ 19 pressing advmod 18 by by SCONJ _ 19 pressing mark 19 pressing press VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 12 put advcl 20 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 19 pressing obj 21 or or CCONJ _ 22 covering cc 22 covering cover VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 19 pressing conj 23 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 22 covering obj 24 . . PUNCT _ 12 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present snuff and a candle put property tree rules 2 press gerund snuff and a candle not said here flame often property vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme 3 cover gerund snuff and a candle not said here flame vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Destination 4 flame candle nom flame «process intransitive»: poss=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To snuff out something is to stop it or end it suddenly: they snuffed out the fire, the rain snuffed out our hopes.
The tree, 23 words mark advcl compound:prt obj cop mark parataxis obj cc conj obj advmod punct nsubj compound:prt det obj punct det conj acl compound:prt nmod:poss obj punct root To PART snuff VERB out ADP something PRON is AUX to PART stop VERB it PRON or CCONJ end VERB it PRON suddenly ADV : PUNCT they PRON snuffed VERB out ADP the DET fire NOUN , PUNCT the DET rain NOUN snuffed VERB out ADP our PRON hopes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 snuff mark 2 snuff snuff VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 stop advcl 3 out out ADP _ 2 snuff compound:prt 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 snuff obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 stop cop 6 to to PART _ 7 stop mark 7 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 snuffed parataxis 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 stop obj 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 end cc 10 end end VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 stop conj 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 end obj 12 suddenly suddenly ADV _ 10 end advmod 13 : : PUNCT _ 15 snuffed punct 14 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 snuffed nsubj 15 snuffed snuff VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 16 out out ADP _ 15 snuffed compound:prt 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 fire det 18 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 15 snuffed obj 19 , , PUNCT _ 21 rain punct 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 rain det 21 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 18 fire conj 22 snuffed snuff VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 21 rain acl 23 out out ADP _ 22 snuffed compound:prt 24 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 25 hopes nmod:poss 25 hopes hope NOUN Number=Plur 22 snuffed obj 26 . . PUNCT _ 15 snuffed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 snuff out to-infinitive something tree rules 2 is present stop property tree rules 3 end infinitive it suddenly property vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality it=Eventuality 4 snuff out past they the fire and the rain tree rules 5 snuff out participle the rain not said here our hopes tree rules 6 hope our nom hope «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent
Meaning 3 Snuff is tobacco ground into powder that some people sniff up the nose; it is harmful.
The tree, 16 words nsubj cop compound case nmod obj det nsubj acl:relcl compound:prt det obj punct nsubj cop conj punct root Snuff NOUN is AUX tobacco NOUN ground NOUN into ADP powder NOUN that PRON some DET people NOUN sniff VERB up ADP the DET nose NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON is AUX harmful ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Snuff snuff NOUN Number=Sing 4 ground nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 ground cop 3 tobacco tobacco NOUN Number=Sing 4 ground compound 4 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 into into ADP _ 6 powder case 6 powder powder NOUN Number=Sing 4 ground nmod 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 sniff obj 8 some some DET PronType=Ind 9 people det 9 people people NOUN Number=Plur 10 sniff nsubj 10 sniff sniff VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 ground acl:relcl 11 up up ADP _ 10 sniff compound:prt 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 nose det 13 nose nose NOUN Number=Sing 10 sniff obj 14 ; ; PUNCT _ 17 harmful punct 15 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 harmful nsubj 16 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 harmful cop 17 harmful harmful ADJ Degree=Pos 4 ground conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 ground punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Snuff tobacco ground powder tree rules 2 sniff up present some people tobacco ground tree rules 3 is present Snuff harmful property tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
«Up to snuff» means good enough.
punct advmod case nsubj punct xcomp advmod punct root « PUNCT Up ADV to ADP snuff NOUN » PUNCT means VERB good ADJ enough ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 snuff punct 2 Up up ADV _ 4 snuff advmod 3 to to ADP _ 4 snuff case 4 snuff snuff NOUN Number=Sing 6 means nsubj 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 snuff punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 6 means xcomp 8 enough enough ADV _ 7 good advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present snuff good property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Meaning 5 Usage: rude, slang — kept apart, not parsed.
«Snuff it» means to die.
punct nsubj nsubj punct mark xcomp punct root « PUNCT Snuff NOUN it PRON » PUNCT means VERB to PART die VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Snuff punct 2 Snuff snuff NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 3 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 Snuff nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 2 Snuff punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to PART _ 7 die mark 7 die die VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 snuff in a quote Snuff tree rules 2 mean present Snuff vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 die not said to happen to-infinitive Snuff not said here vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Example 1 Please snuff out the candles before you go to bed.
discourse compound:prt det obj mark nsubj advcl case obl punct root Please INTJ snuff VERB out ADP the DET candles NOUN before SCONJ you PRON go VERB to ADP bed NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 2 snuff discourse 2 snuff snuff VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 out out ADP _ 2 snuff compound:prt 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 candles det 5 candles candle NOUN Number=Plur 2 snuff obj 6 before before SCONJ _ 8 go mark 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 go nsubj 8 go go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 snuff advcl 9 to to ADP _ 10 bed case 10 bed bed NOUN Number=Sing 8 go obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 snuff punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 snuff out imperative you not said here the candles tree rules 2 go present you bed vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to bed=Initial_Location
Example 2 The firefighters quickly snuffed out the fire.
det nsubj advmod compound:prt det obj punct root The DET firefighters NOUN quickly ADV snuffed VERB out ADP the DET fire NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 firefighters det 2 firefighters firefighter NOUN Number=Plur 4 snuffed nsubj 3 quickly quickly ADV _ 4 snuffed advmod 4 snuffed snuff VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 out out ADP _ 4 snuffed compound:prt 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 fire det 7 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 4 snuffed obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 snuffed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 snuff out past the firefighters the fire quickly property tree rules
Example 3 She used a little metal cap to snuff the flame.
nsubj det amod compound obj mark advcl det obj punct root She PRON used VERB a DET little ADJ metal NOUN cap NOUN to PART snuff VERB the DET flame NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 used nsubj 2 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 cap det 4 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 6 cap amod 5 metal metal NOUN Number=Sing 6 cap compound 6 cap cap NOUN Number=Sing 2 used obj 7 to to PART _ 8 snuff mark 8 snuff snuff VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 used advcl 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 flame det 10 flame flame NOUN Number=Sing 8 snuff obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past She a little metal cap vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cap=Patient 2 snuff to-infinitive She not said here the flame tree rules
Example 4 The old man took a pinch of snuff from a silver box.
det amod nsubj det obj case nmod case det compound obl punct root The DET old ADJ man NOUN took VERB a DET pinch NOUN of ADP snuff NOUN from ADP a DET silver NOUN box NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 man det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 man amod 3 man man NOUN Number=Sing 4 took nsubj 4 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 pinch det 6 pinch pinch NOUN Number=Sing 4 took obj 7 of of ADP _ 8 snuff case 8 snuff snuff NOUN Number=Sing 6 pinch nmod 9 from from ADP _ 12 box case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 box det 11 silver silver NOUN Number=Sing 12 box compound 12 box box NOUN Number=Sing 4 took obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past the old man a pinch of snuff a silver box vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent pinch=Theme from box=Initial_Location 2 pinch snuff nom pinch «state transitive»: of=patient
Example 5 Your homework is not up to snuff, so please do it again.
nmod:poss nsubj cop advmod case case punct advmod discourse conj obj advmod punct root Your PRON homework NOUN is AUX not PART up ADP to ADP snuff NOUN , PUNCT so ADV please INTJ do VERB it PRON again ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 homework nmod:poss 2 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 7 snuff nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 snuff cop 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 snuff advmod 5 up up ADP _ 7 snuff case 6 to to ADP _ 7 snuff case 7 snuff snuff NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 do punct 9 so so ADV _ 11 do advmod 10 please please INTJ _ 11 do discourse 11 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 snuff conj 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 do obj 13 again again ADV _ 11 do advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 snuff punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is present Your homework up snuff tree rules 2 do infinitive Your homework not said here homework again vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality
Example 6 The goldfish finally snuffed it, said my cheeky brother.
det nsubj advmod obj punct conj nmod:poss amod nsubj punct root The DET goldfish NOUN finally ADV snuffed VERB it PRON , PUNCT said VERB my PRON cheeky ADJ brother NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 goldfish det 2 goldfish goldfish NOUN Number=Sing 4 snuffed nsubj 3 finally finally ADV _ 4 snuffed advmod 4 snuffed snuff VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 snuffed obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 said punct 7 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 snuffed conj 8 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 brother nmod:poss 9 cheeky cheeky ADJ Degree=Pos 10 brother amod 10 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 7 said nsubj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 snuffed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 snuff past the goldfish it finally property tree rules 2 say speech: assert past my cheeky brother vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 7 The rain snuffed out the campfire.
det acl compound:prt det obl punct root The DET rain NOUN snuffed VERB out ADP the DET campfire NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 rain det 2 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 snuffed snuff VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 rain acl 4 out out ADP _ 3 snuffed compound:prt 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 campfire det 6 campfire campfire NOUN Number=Sing 3 snuffed obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 rain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 snuff out participle the rain not said here the campfire vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 On the mound sat the Cricket and took snuff.
case det obl det obj cc conj obj punct root On ADP the DET mound NOUN sat VERB the DET Cricket NOUN and CCONJ took VERB snuff NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on ADP _ 3 mound case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 mound det 3 mound mound NOUN Number=Sing 4 sat obl 4 sat sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 Cricket det 6 Cricket cricket NOUN Number=Sing 4 sat obj 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 took cc 8 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 sat conj 9 snuff snuff NOUN Number=Sing 8 took obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 sat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit past the Cricket the mound vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent cricket=Theme on mound=Location 2 take past snuff vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent snuff=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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