sobbing Who acts: Sobbing, you, We, little girl, girl, He · What happens: cry, be, sob, hear, lose, pass away · To what, where: way, bedroom, mum, shop, hug, sobbing · Speech: someone speaks here
«sobbing» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sobbing in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Sobbing is crying loudly with short, noisy breaths, because you are very sad or upset.
The tree, 15 words nsubj aux advmod case amod punct amod obl punct mark nsubj cop advmod conj cc conj punct root Sobbing NOUN is AUX crying VERB loudly ADV with ADP short ADJ , PUNCT noisy ADJ breaths NOUN , PUNCT because SCONJ you PRON are AUX very ADV sad ADJ or CCONJ upset ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sobbing sobbing NOUN Number=Sing 3 crying nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 crying aux 3 crying cry VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 loudly loudly ADV _ 3 crying advmod 5 with with ADP _ 9 breaths case 6 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 9 breaths amod 7 , , PUNCT _ 6 short punct 8 noisy noisy ADJ Degree=Pos 9 breaths amod 9 breaths breath NOUN Number=Plur 3 crying obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 15 sad punct 11 because because SCONJ _ 15 sad mark 12 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 15 sad nsubj 13 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 sad cop 14 very very ADV _ 15 sad advmod 15 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 3 crying conj 16 or or CCONJ _ 17 upset cc 17 upset upset ADJ Degree=Pos 15 sad conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 3 crying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cry speech: express present · progressive Sobbing with short noisy breaths; loudly property vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with breath=Theme 2 is present you sad property tree rules 3 be you not said here tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To be sobbing is to cry in this way.
mark aux advcl cop mark case det obl punct root To PART be AUX sobbing VERB is AUX to PART cry VERB in ADP this DET way NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 3 sobbing mark 2 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 3 sobbing aux 3 sobbing sob VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 cry advcl 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 cry cop 5 to to PART _ 6 cry mark 6 cry cry VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 in in ADP _ 9 way case 8 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 9 way det 9 way way NOUN Number=Sing 6 cry obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 cry punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sob to-infinitive · progressive vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present this way cry property tree rules
Example 1 We heard sobbing from the bedroom.
nsubj xcomp case det obl punct root We PRON heard VERB sobbing VERB from ADP the DET bedroom NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 heard nsubj 2 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 sobbing sob VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 heard xcomp 4 from from ADP _ 6 bedroom case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 bedroom det 6 bedroom bedroom NOUN Number=Sing 3 sobbing obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear past We vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 sob gerund We not said here the bedroom vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 The little girl was sobbing because she had lost her mum in the shop.
The tree, 14 words det amod nsubj aux mark nsubj aux advcl nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root The DET little ADJ girl NOUN was AUX sobbing VERB because SCONJ she PRON had AUX lost VERB her PRON mum NOUN in ADP the DET shop NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 girl det 2 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 girl amod 3 girl girl NOUN Number=Sing 5 sobbing nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 sobbing aux 5 sobbing sob VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 because because SCONJ _ 9 lost mark 7 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 lost nsubj 8 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 lost aux 9 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 5 sobbing advcl 10 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 mum nmod:poss 11 mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 9 lost obj 12 in in ADP _ 14 shop case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 shop det 14 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 9 lost obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 sobbing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sob past · progressive the little girl vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 lose past · perfect girl girl's mum the shop vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mum=Eventuality
Example 3 He sobbed when his dog passed away.
nsubj advmod nmod:poss nsubj advcl advmod punct root He PRON sobbed VERB when ADV his PRON dog NOUN passed VERB away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 sobbed nsubj 2 sobbed sob VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 passed advmod 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 dog nmod:poss 5 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 6 passed nsubj 6 passed pass VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 sobbed advcl 7 away away ADV _ 6 passed advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 sobbed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sob past He vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 pass away past his dog away property vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Example 4 The sobbing stopped when Grandma gave her a hug.
det nsubj advmod nsubj advcl iobj det obj punct root The DET sobbing NOUN stopped VERB when ADV Grandma PROPN gave VERB her PRON a DET hug NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sobbing det 2 sobbing sobbing NOUN Number=Sing 3 stopped nsubj 3 stopped stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 gave advmod 5 Grandma Grandma PROPN Number=Sing 6 gave nsubj 6 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 stopped advcl 7 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 gave iobj 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 hug det 9 hug hug NOUN Number=Sing 6 gave obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 stopped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop past the sobbing vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 2 give past Grandma a hug sobbing vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient hug=Theme
Example 5 I sobbed my heart out at the end of the film.
nsubj nmod:poss obj compound:prt case det obl case det nmod punct root I PRON sobbed VERB my PRON heart NOUN out ADP at ADP the DET end NOUN of ADP the DET film NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 sobbed nsubj 2 sobbed sob VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 heart nmod:poss 4 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 2 sobbed obj 5 out out ADP _ 2 sobbed compound:prt 6 at at ADP _ 8 end case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 end det 8 end end NOUN Number=Sing 2 sobbed obl 9 of of ADP _ 11 film case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 film det 11 film film NOUN Number=Sing 8 end nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 sobbed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sob out past I my heart at the end of the film vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Theme
Example 6 (informal) Don't give me that sob story — you just forgot your homework!
The tree, 13 words punct csubj punct aux advmod iobj nsubj compound obj punct nsubj advmod advcl nmod:poss obj punct root ( PUNCT informal ADJ ) PUNCT Do AUX n't PART give VERB me PRON that PRON sob NOUN story NOUN — PUNCT you PRON just ADV forgot VERB your PRON homework NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 informal punct 2 informal informal ADJ Degree=Pos 6 give csubj 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 informal punct 4 Do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 give aux 5 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 6 give advmod 6 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 give iobj 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 story nsubj 9 sob sob NOUN Number=Sing 10 story compound 10 story story NOUN Number=Sing 6 give obj 11 — - PUNCT _ 14 forgot punct 12 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 14 forgot nsubj 13 just just ADV _ 14 forgot advmod 14 forgot forget VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 give advcl 15 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 16 homework nmod:poss 16 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 14 forgot obj 17 ! ! PUNCT _ 6 give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not give present · do-support me vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme 2 story that tree rules 3 forget past you your homework tree rules
Example 7 “But is it really so?” asked the Marionette, sobbing bitterly.
The tree, 10 words punct cc parataxis expl advmod advmod punct punct det iobj punct advcl advmod punct root “ PUNCT But CCONJ is VERB it PRON really ADV so ADV ? PUNCT ” PUNCT asked VERB the DET Marionette PROPN , PUNCT sobbing VERB bitterly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 9 asked punct 2 But but CCONJ _ 3 is cc 3 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 asked parataxis 4 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 is expl 5 really really ADV _ 6 so advmod 6 so so ADV _ 3 is advmod 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 is punct 8 ” " PUNCT _ 3 is punct 9 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 Marionette det 11 Marionette Marionette PROPN Number=Sing 9 asked iobj 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 sobbing punct 13 sobbing sob VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 9 asked advcl 14 bitterly bitterly ADV _ 13 sobbing advmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 9 asked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be in a quote present it vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 ask speech: ask past the Marionette vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP that S»: agent=Agent marionette=Recipient clause=Topic 3 sob gerund bitterly property vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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