songbird Who acts: songbird, small bird, Robins, We, Male songbirds, this · What happens: be, sing, call, hang, help, say · To what, where: small bird, tuneful songs, person, fence, songbirds, feeder · Speech: someone speaks here
«songbird» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: songbird in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A songbird is a small bird that sings tuneful songs, such as a robin, blackbird, thrush, nightingale or wren.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl amod obj punct case fixed det conj punct conj punct conj punct conj cc conj punct root A DET songbird NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ bird NOUN that PRON sings VERB tuneful ADJ songs NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP a DET robin NOUN , PUNCT blackbird NOUN , PUNCT thrush NOUN , PUNCT nightingale NOUN or CCONJ wren NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 songbird det 2 songbird songbird NOUN Number=Sing 6 bird nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 bird cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 bird det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 6 bird amod 6 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 sings nsubj 8 sings sing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 bird acl:relcl 9 tuneful tuneful ADJ Degree=Pos 10 songs amod 10 songs song NOUN Number=Plur 8 sings obj 11 , , PUNCT _ 15 robin punct 12 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 15 robin case 13 as as ADP _ 12 such fixed 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 robin det 15 robin robin NOUN Number=Sing 10 songs conj 16 , , PUNCT _ 17 blackbird punct 17 blackbird blackbird NOUN Number=Sing 10 songs conj 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 thrush punct 19 thrush thrush NOUN Number=Sing 10 songs conj 20 , , PUNCT _ 21 nightingale punct 21 nightingale nightingale NOUN Number=Sing 10 songs conj 22 or or CCONJ _ 23 wren cc 23 wren wren NOUN Number=Sing 21 nightingale conj 24 . . PUNCT _ 6 bird punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a songbird a small bird tree rules 2 sing speech: express present a small bird tuneful songs and a robin and blackbird and thrush and nightingale or wren vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
A person, usually a woman, with a lovely singing voice is sometimes called a songbird.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj:pass punct advmod det appos punct case det amod compound nmod aux:pass advmod det xcomp punct root A DET person NOUN , PUNCT usually ADV a DET woman NOUN , PUNCT with ADP a DET lovely ADJ singing NOUN voice NOUN is AUX sometimes ADV called VERB a DET songbird NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 person det 2 person person NOUN Number=Sing 15 called nsubj:pass 3 , , PUNCT _ 6 woman punct 4 usually usually ADV _ 6 woman advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 woman det 6 woman woman NOUN Number=Sing 2 person appos 7 , , PUNCT _ 2 person punct 8 with with ADP _ 12 voice case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 voice det 10 lovely lovely ADJ Degree=Pos 12 voice amod 11 singing singing NOUN Number=Sing 12 voice compound 12 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 2 person nmod 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 called aux:pass 14 sometimes sometimes ADV PronType=Ind 15 called advmod 15 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 songbird det 17 songbird songbird NOUN Number=Sing 15 called xcomp 18 . . PUNCT _ 15 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive a person with a lovely singing voice sometimes property vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 1 A songbird was singing on the fence at dawn.
det nsubj aux case det obl case obl punct root A DET songbird NOUN was AUX singing VERB on ADP the DET fence NOUN at ADP dawn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 songbird det 2 songbird songbird NOUN Number=Sing 4 singing nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 singing aux 4 singing sing VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 on on ADP _ 7 fence case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 fence det 7 fence fence NOUN Number=Sing 4 singing obl 8 at at ADP _ 9 dawn case 9 dawn dawn NOUN Number=Sing 4 singing obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 singing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express past · progressive a songbird the fence dawn vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on fence=Location
Example 2 Robins and blackbirds are songbirds.
nsubj cc conj cop punct root Robins NOUN and CCONJ blackbirds NOUN are AUX songbirds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Robins robin NOUN Number=Plur 5 songbirds nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 blackbirds cc 3 blackbirds blackbird NOUN Number=Plur 1 Robins conj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 songbirds cop 5 songbirds songbird NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 songbirds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Robins and blackbirds songbirds tree rules
Example 3 We hung a feeder to help the songbirds in winter.
nsubj det obj mark advcl det obj case obl punct root We PRON hung VERB a DET feeder NOUN to PART help VERB the DET songbirds NOUN in ADP winter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 hung nsubj 2 hung hang VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 feeder det 4 feeder feeder NOUN Number=Sing 2 hung obj 5 to to PART _ 6 help mark 6 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 hung advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 songbirds det 8 songbirds songbird NOUN Number=Plur 6 help obj 9 in in ADP _ 10 winter case 10 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 6 help obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 hung punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hang past We a feeder vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feeder=Patient 2 help to-infinitive We not said here the songbirds winter vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent songbird=Beneficiary
Example 4 Male songbirds sing to say «this is my patch».
amod nsubj mark xcomp punct nsubj cop nmod:poss obj punct punct root Male ADJ songbirds NOUN sing VERB to PART say VERB « PUNCT this PRON is AUX my PRON patch NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Male male ADJ Degree=Pos 2 songbirds amod 2 songbirds songbird NOUN Number=Plur 3 sing nsubj 3 sing sing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 say mark 5 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 sing xcomp 6 « « PUNCT _ 10 patch punct 7 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 10 patch nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 patch cop 9 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 patch nmod:poss 10 patch patch NOUN Number=Sing 5 say obj 11 » » PUNCT _ 10 patch punct 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 sing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express present Male songbirds vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 say speech: assert to-infinitive Male songbirds not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 3 is a in a quote present this my patch tree rules
Example 5 Cats catch many songbirds in gardens.
nsubj amod obj case obl punct root Cats NOUN catch VERB many ADJ songbirds NOUN in ADP gardens NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cats cat NOUN Number=Plur 2 catch nsubj 2 catch catch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 4 songbirds amod 4 songbirds songbird NOUN Number=Plur 2 catch obj 5 in in ADP _ 6 gardens case 6 gardens garden NOUN Number=Plur 2 catch obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 catch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 catch present Cats many songbirds gardens vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent songbird=Theme
Example 6 The concert star was called the nation's songbird.
det compound nsubj:pass aux:pass det nmod:poss case xcomp punct root The DET concert NOUN star NOUN was AUX called VERB the DET nation NOUN 's PART songbird NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 star det 2 concert concert NOUN Number=Sing 3 star compound 3 star star NOUN Number=Sing 5 called nsubj:pass 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 called aux:pass 5 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 nation det 7 nation nation NOUN Number=Sing 9 songbird nmod:poss 8 's 's PART _ 7 nation case 9 songbird songbird NOUN Number=Sing 5 called xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call past · passive the concert star vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 7 The dawn chorus is lots of songbirds singing together.
det compound nsubj cop case nmod acl advmod punct root The DET dawn NOUN chorus NOUN is AUX lots NOUN of ADP songbirds NOUN singing VERB together ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 chorus det 2 dawn dawn NOUN Number=Sing 3 chorus compound 3 chorus chorus NOUN Number=Sing 5 lots nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 lots cop 5 lots lot NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 songbirds case 7 songbirds songbird NOUN Number=Plur 5 lots nmod 8 singing sing VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 songbirds acl 9 together together ADV _ 8 singing advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 lots punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the dawn chorus lots of songbirds tree rules 2 sing speech: express gerund songbirds not said here together property vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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