sonny Who acts: friendly way, Sonny, you, old fisherman, change, your · What happens: speak, listen, be, go, mind, not talk back · To what, where: sonny, nickname, road, rod, Grandad, name · Speech: someone speaks here
«sonny» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sonny in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: informal, old-fashioned — kept apart, not parsed.
A friendly or slightly bossy way an older person speaks to a boy or young man: «Listen, sonny».
The tree, 18 words det amod cc advmod conj nsubj det amod nsubj case det obl cc amod conj punct punct parataxis punct obl punct punct root A DET friendly ADJ or CCONJ slightly ADV bossy ADJ way NOUN an DET older ADJ person NOUN speaks VERB to ADP a DET boy NOUN or CCONJ young ADJ man NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT Listen VERB , PUNCT sonny NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 way det 2 friendly friendly ADJ Degree=Pos 6 way amod 3 or or CCONJ _ 5 bossy cc 4 slightly slightly ADV _ 5 bossy advmod 5 bossy bossy ADJ Degree=Pos 2 friendly conj 6 way way NOUN Number=Sing 10 speaks nsubj 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 person det 8 older old ADJ Degree=Cmp 9 person amod 9 person person NOUN Number=Sing 10 speaks nsubj 10 speaks speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 11 to to ADP _ 13 boy case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 boy det 13 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 10 speaks obl 14 or or CCONJ _ 16 man cc 15 young young ADJ Degree=Pos 16 man amod 16 man man NOUN Number=Sing 13 boy conj 17 : : PUNCT _ 19 Listen punct 18 « « PUNCT _ 19 Listen punct 19 Listen listen VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 10 speaks parataxis 20 , , PUNCT _ 21 sonny punct 21 sonny sonny NOUN Number=Sing 19 Listen obl 22 » » PUNCT _ 19 Listen punct 23 . . PUNCT _ 10 speaks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present a friendly way to a boy or young man tree rules 2 listen in a quote infinitive sonny vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.
Sonny is also a nickname or first name.
nsubj cop advmod det cc amod conj punct root Sonny NOUN is AUX also ADV a DET nickname NOUN or CCONJ first ADJ name NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sonny sonny NOUN Number=Sing 5 nickname nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 nickname cop 3 also also ADV _ 5 nickname advmod 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 nickname det 5 nickname nickname NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 8 name cc 7 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 8 name amod 8 name name NOUN Number=Sing 5 nickname conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 nickname punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Sonny a nickname or first name tree rules
Example 1 "Off you go, sonny, and mind the road."
punct mark nsubj punct obl punct cc conj det obj punct punct root " PUNCT Off ADP you PRON go VERB , PUNCT sonny NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ mind VERB the DET road NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 go punct 2 Off off ADP _ 4 go mark 3 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 go nsubj 4 go go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 sonny punct 6 sonny sonny NOUN Number=Sing 4 go obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 mind punct 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 mind cc 9 mind mind VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 go conj 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 road det 11 road road NOUN Number=Sing 9 mind obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 go punct 13 " " PUNCT _ 4 go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go in a quote present you sonny vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 mind in a quote infinitive you not said here the road vn caring-75.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Theme
Example 2 "Don't you talk back to me, sonny!"
punct aux advmod nsubj advmod case obl punct obl punct punct root " PUNCT Do AUX n't PART you PRON talk VERB back ADV to ADP me PRON , PUNCT sonny NOUN ! PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 5 talk punct 2 Do do AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 talk aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 5 talk advmod 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 talk nsubj 5 talk talk VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 back back ADV _ 5 talk advmod 7 to to ADP _ 8 me case 8 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 back obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 sonny punct 10 sonny sonny NOUN Number=Sing 5 talk obl 11 ! ! PUNCT _ 5 talk punct 12 " " PUNCT _ 5 talk punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not talk back in a quote infinitive · do-support you sonny vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 The old fisherman said, "Want to hold the rod, sonny?"
The tree, 10 words det amod nsubj punct punct ccomp mark xcomp det obj punct obl punct punct root The DET old ADJ fisherman NOUN said VERB , PUNCT " PUNCT Want VERB to PART hold VERB the DET rod NOUN , PUNCT sonny NOUN ? PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 fisherman det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 fisherman amod 3 fisherman fisherman NOUN Number=Sing 4 said nsubj 4 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 Want punct 6 " " PUNCT _ 7 Want punct 7 Want want VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 said ccomp 8 to to PART _ 9 hold mark 9 hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 Want xcomp 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 rod det 11 rod rod NOUN Number=Sing 9 hold obj 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 sonny punct 13 sonny sonny NOUN Number=Sing 9 hold obl 14 ? ? PUNCT _ 7 Want punct 15 " " PUNCT _ 7 Want punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: ask past the old fisherman vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 want in a quote infinitive vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 3 hold not said to happen, in a quote to-infinitive the rod sonny obl vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rod=Theme
Example 4 "Sit down, Sonny Jim," laughed Grandad.
punct compound:prt punct compound vocative punct punct conj obj punct root " PUNCT Sit VERB down ADP , PUNCT Sonny PROPN Jim PROPN , PUNCT " PUNCT laughed VERB Grandad PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Sit punct 2 Sit sit VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 down down ADP _ 2 Sit compound:prt 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 Jim punct 5 Sonny Sonny PROPN Number=Sing 6 Jim compound 6 Jim Jim PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sit vocative 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 laughed punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 9 laughed punct 9 laughed laugh VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 Sit conj 10 Grandad Grandad PROPN Number=Sing 9 laughed obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 Sit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit down in a quote imperative you not said here Sonny Jim vocative vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 laugh past you not said here Grandad vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grandad=Theme
Example 5 Sonny is the name of the dog next door.
nsubj cop det case det nsubj amod nmod punct root Sonny PROPN is AUX the DET name NOUN of ADP the DET dog NOUN next ADJ door NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sonny Sonny PROPN Number=Sing 4 name nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 name cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 name det 4 name name NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 9 door case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 dog det 7 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 9 door nsubj 8 next next ADJ Degree=Pos 9 door amod 9 door door NOUN Number=Sing 4 name nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 name punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Sonny the name of next door tree rules
Example 6 "Here's your change, sonny," said the man at the market stall.
The tree, 12 words punct advmod cop nmod:poss nsubj punct conj punct punct det obj case det compound nmod punct root " PUNCT Here ADV 's AUX your PRON change NOUN , PUNCT sonny NOUN , PUNCT " PUNCT said VERB the DET man NOUN at ADP the DET market NOUN stall NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Here punct 2 Here here ADV PronType=Dem 10 said advmod 3 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 Here cop 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 change nmod:poss 5 change change NOUN Number=Sing 10 said nsubj 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 sonny punct 7 sonny sonny NOUN Number=Sing 5 change conj 8 , , PUNCT _ 5 change punct 9 " " PUNCT _ 5 change punct 10 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 man det 12 man man NOUN Number=Sing 10 said obj 13 at at ADP _ 16 stall case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 stall det 15 market market NOUN Number=Sing 16 stall compound 16 stall stall NOUN Number=Sing 12 man nmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 10 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present here property tree rules 2 say speech: assert past your change and sonny the man the market stall vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent man=Topic 3 change in a quote your nom change «event intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 ‘Look here, sonny: if we share this cake we shall neither of us have enough.
The tree, 15 words punct advmod punct obl punct mark nsubj parataxis det obj nsubj aux nsubj case nmod parataxis obj punct root ‘ PUNCT Look VERB here ADV , PUNCT sonny NOUN : PUNCT if SCONJ we PRON share VERB this DET cake NOUN we PRON shall AUX neither DET of ADP us PRON have VERB enough ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ‘ ' PUNCT _ 2 Look punct 2 Look look VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 here here ADV PronType=Dem 2 Look advmod 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 sonny punct 5 sonny sonny NOUN Number=Sing 2 Look obl 6 : : PUNCT _ 9 share punct 7 if if SCONJ _ 9 share mark 8 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 share nsubj 9 share share VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 Look parataxis 10 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 11 cake det 11 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 9 share obj 12 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 17 have nsubj 13 shall shall AUX VerbForm=Fin 17 have aux 14 neither neither DET PronType=Neg 17 have nsubj 15 of of ADP _ 16 us case 16 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 14 neither nmod 17 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 share parataxis 18 enough enough ADJ Degree=Pos 17 have obj 19 . . PUNCT _ 2 Look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look imperative you not said here sonny here vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 2 share a condition, not said to happen present we this cake tree rules 3 have shall we enough vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enough=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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