spine

Who acts: row, spine, Hedgehogs, Careful cactus spines, you, ghost story · What happens: call, point, join, print, have, do · To what, where: backbone, back edge, title, spine, something, sharp spines · Speech: someone speaks here

«spine» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: spine in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

The row of small bones (vertebrae) down the middle of your back, also called the backbone.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 row	det
2	row	row	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 bones	case
4	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 bones	amod
5	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 row	nmod
6	(	(	PUNCT	_	7 vertebrae	punct
7	vertebrae	vertebra	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 bones	appos
8	)	)	PUNCT	_	7 vertebrae	punct
9	down	down	ADP	_	11 middle	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 middle	det
11	middle	middle	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 row	nmod
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 back	case
13	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 back	nmod:poss
14	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 middle	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 called	punct
16	also	also	ADV	_	17 called	advmod
17	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 row	acl
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 backbone	det
19	backbone	backbone	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 called	xcomp
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 row	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	call	participle	the row of small bones down the middle of your back not said here	the backbone					vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

A sharp, pointed part on an animal or plant, like the spines of a hedgehog or a cactus.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 part	det
2	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 part	amod
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 sharp	punct
4	pointed	point	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 part	amod
5	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 animal	case
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 animal	det
8	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 part	nmod
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 plant	cc
10	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 animal	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 spines	punct
12	like	like	ADP	_	14 spines	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 spines	det
14	spines	spine	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 part	nmod
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 hedgehog	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 hedgehog	det
17	hedgehog	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 spines	nmod
18	or	or	CCONJ	_	20 cactus	cc
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 cactus	det
20	cactus	cactus	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 hedgehog	conj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 part	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	point	participle							vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Meaning 3

The back edge of a book, where the pages are joined and the title is usually printed.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 edge	det
2	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 edge	compound
3	edge	edge	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 joined	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 book	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 book	det
6	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 edge	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 joined	punct
8	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	12 joined	advmod
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 pages	det
10	pages	page	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 joined	nsubj:pass
11	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 joined	aux:pass
12	joined	join	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 printed	cc
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 title	det
15	title	title	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 printed	nsubj:pass
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 printed	aux:pass
17	usually	usually	ADV	_	18 printed	advmod
18	printed	print	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 joined	conj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 joined	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	join	present · passive		the back edge of a book					vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	print	present · passive		the title				usually property	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Meaning 4

Courage: having the spine to do something.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Courage	courage	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	3 having	punct
3	having	have	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Courage	conj
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 spine	det
5	spine	spine	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 having	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 do	mark
7	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 having	xcomp
8	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	7 do	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Courage	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	gerund		the spine					tree rules
2	do	to-infinitive	the spine not said here	something					vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality

Example 1

Your spine is made of 33 small bones.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 spine	nmod:poss
2	spine	spine	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 made	aux:pass
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 bones	case
6	33	33	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 bones	nummod
7	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 bones	amod
8	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 made	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 made	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		Your spine				of 33 small bones	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Example 2

Hedgehogs have sharp spines.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hedgehogs	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	nsubj
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 spines	amod
4	spines	spine	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	obj
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 have	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Hedgehogs	sharp spines					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spine=Patient

Example 3

Careful — cactus spines are prickly.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Careful	careful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 spines	amod
2	—	-	PUNCT	_	1 Careful	punct
3	cactus	cactus	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 spines	compound
4	spines	spine	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 prickly	nsubj
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 prickly	cop
6	prickly	prickly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 prickly	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Careful cactus spines					prickly property	tree rules

Example 4

Read the title on the spine of the book.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Read	read	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 title	det
3	title	title	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Read	obj
4	on	on	ADP	_	6 spine	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 spine	det
6	spine	spine	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 title	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 book	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 book	det
9	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 spine	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Read	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	read	imperative	you not said here	the title		the spine of the book			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent title=Topic

Example 5

Animals with a spine are called vertebrates.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 called	nsubj:pass
2	with	with	ADP	_	4 spine	case
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 spine	det
4	spine	spine	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Animals	nmod
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 called	aux:pass
6	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	vertebrates	vertebrate	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 called	xcomp
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 called	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	call	present · passive		Animals with a spine					vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient

Example 6

The ghost story sent shivers down my spine.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 story	det
2	ghost	ghost	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 story	compound
3	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sent	nsubj
4	sent	send	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	shivers	shiver	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sent	obj
6	down	down	ADP	_	8 spine	case
7	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 spine	nmod:poss
8	spine	spine	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sent	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 sent	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	send	past	the ghost story	shivers				down my spine	vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shiver=Theme

Example 7

Sit up straight to look after your spine.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sit	sit	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	up	up	ADP	_	1 Sit	compound:prt
3	straight	straight	ADV	_	1 Sit	advmod
4	to	to	PART	_	5 look	mark
5	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Sit	advcl
6	after	after	ADP	_	8 spine	case
7	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 spine	nmod:poss
8	spine	spine	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 look	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Sit	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sit up	imperative	you not said here					straight property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	look	to-infinitive	you not said here				after your spine		vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus

Example 8

A fish's spine runs from its head to its tail.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 fish	det
2	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 spine	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 fish	case
4	spine	spine	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 runs	nsubj
5	runs	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 head	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 head	nmod:poss
8	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 runs	obl
9	to	to	ADP	_	11 tail	case
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 tail	nmod:poss
11	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 runs	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 runs	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	present	a fish's spine			spine's head		to spine's tail result	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to tail=Result

Example 9

They climbed up the dragon's side and dumped the children down on his icy spine, with their backs against the North Pole.

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 climbed	nsubj
2	climbed	climb	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	up	up	ADP	_	2 climbed	compound:prt
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 dragon	det
5	dragon	dragon	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 side	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 dragon	case
7	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 climbed	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 dumped	cc
9	dumped	dump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 climbed	conj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 children	det
11	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 dumped	obj
12	down	down	ADV	_	9 dumped	advmod
13	on	on	ADP	_	16 spine	case
14	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 spine	nmod:poss
15	icy	icy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 spine	amod
16	spine	spine	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 dumped	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 backs	punct
18	with	with	ADP	_	20 backs	case
19	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 backs	nmod:poss
20	backs	back	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 dumped	obl
21	against	against	ADP	_	24 Pole	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 Pole	det
23	North	North	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 Pole	compound
24	Pole	Pole	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 backs	nmod
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 climbed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	climb up	past	They	the dragon's side					vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	dump down	past	They not said here	the children		dragon's icy spine		with children's backs against the North Pole; down property	vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent child=Theme on spine=Trajectory

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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