sponge Who acts: sponge, soft thing, simple sea animal, you, Sea sponges, animals · What happens: be, soak up, use, live, fix, have · To what, where: soft thing, water, simple sea animal, body, light, something · Speech: someone speaks here
«sponge» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sponge in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A sponge is a soft thing full of holes that soaks up water, used for washing or cleaning.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det amod amod case obl nsubj acl:relcl compound:prt obj punct acl case obl cc conj punct root A DET sponge NOUN is AUX a DET soft ADJ thing NOUN full ADJ of ADP holes NOUN that PRON soaks VERB up ADP water NOUN , PUNCT used VERB for ADP washing NOUN or CCONJ cleaning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sponge det 2 sponge sponge NOUN Number=Sing 6 thing nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 thing cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 thing det 5 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 6 thing amod 6 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 6 thing amod 8 of of ADP _ 9 holes case 9 holes hole NOUN Number=Plur 7 full obl 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 soaks nsubj 11 soaks soak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 thing acl:relcl 12 up up ADP _ 11 soaks compound:prt 13 water water NOUN Number=Sing 11 soaks obj 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 used punct 15 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 water acl 16 for for ADP _ 17 washing case 17 washing washing NOUN Number=Sing 15 used obl 18 or or CCONJ _ 19 cleaning cc 19 cleaning cleaning NOUN Number=Sing 17 washing conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 6 thing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a sponge a soft thing tree rules 2 soak up present a soft thing water vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent water=Source 3 use participle water not said here for washing or cleaning vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A sponge is a simple sea animal that lives fixed to rocks and has a body full of holes.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cop det amod compound nsubj acl:relcl xcomp case obl cc conj det obj amod case obl punct root A DET sponge NOUN is AUX a DET simple ADJ sea NOUN animal NOUN that PRON lives VERB fixed VERB to ADP rocks NOUN and CCONJ has VERB a DET body NOUN full ADJ of ADP holes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sponge det 2 sponge sponge NOUN Number=Sing 7 animal nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 animal cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 animal det 5 simple simple ADJ Degree=Pos 7 animal amod 6 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 7 animal compound 7 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 lives nsubj 9 lives live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 animal acl:relcl 10 fixed fix VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 lives xcomp 11 to to ADP _ 12 rocks case 12 rocks rock NOUN Number=Plur 10 fixed obl 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 has cc 14 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 lives conj 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 body det 16 body body NOUN Number=Sing 14 has obj 17 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 16 body amod 18 of of ADP _ 19 holes case 19 holes hole NOUN Number=Plur 17 full obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 7 animal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a sponge a simple sea animal tree rules 2 live present a simple sea animal tree rules 3 fix participle a simple sea animal not said here to rocks vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to rock=Co-Patient 4 have present a simple sea animal not said here a body vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Patient
Meaning 3 A sponge or sponge cake is a light, soft cake.
det nsubj cc compound conj cop det punct amod conj punct root A DET sponge NOUN or CCONJ sponge NOUN cake NOUN is AUX a DET light NOUN , PUNCT soft ADJ cake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sponge det 2 sponge sponge NOUN Number=Sing 8 light nsubj 3 or or CCONJ _ 5 cake cc 4 sponge sponge NOUN Number=Sing 5 cake compound 5 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 2 sponge conj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 light cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 light det 8 light light NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 cake punct 10 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 11 cake amod 11 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 8 light conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 light punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a sponge or sponge cake a light and soft cake tree rules
Meaning 4 To sponge something is to wipe or clean it with a wet sponge.
mark advcl obj cop mark cc conj obj case det amod obl punct root To PART sponge VERB something PRON is AUX to PART wipe VERB or CCONJ clean VERB it PRON with ADP a DET wet ADJ sponge NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 sponge mark 2 sponge sponge VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 wipe advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 sponge obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 wipe cop 5 to to PART _ 6 wipe mark 6 wipe wipe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 clean cc 8 clean clean VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 wipe conj 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 clean obj 10 with with ADP _ 13 sponge case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 sponge det 12 wet wet ADJ Degree=Pos 13 sponge amod 13 sponge sponge NOUN Number=Sing 8 clean obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 wipe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sponge to-infinitive something vn berry-13.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Location 2 is present wipe property tree rules 3 clean infinitive it with a wet sponge vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent it=Patient with sponge=Instrument
Meaning 5 To sponge off someone means to keep taking money or food from them without giving back (informal).
The tree, 17 words mark csubj compound:prt obj mark xcomp xcomp obj cc conj case obl mark advcl advmod punct parataxis punct punct root To PART sponge VERB off ADP someone PRON means VERB to PART keep VERB taking VERB money NOUN or CCONJ food NOUN from ADP them PRON without SCONJ giving VERB back ADV ( PUNCT informal ADJ ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 sponge mark 2 sponge sponge VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means csubj 3 off off ADP _ 2 sponge compound:prt 4 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 sponge obj 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to PART _ 7 keep mark 7 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means xcomp 8 taking take VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 keep xcomp 9 money money NOUN Number=Sing 8 taking obj 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 food cc 11 food food NOUN Number=Sing 9 money conj 12 from from ADP _ 13 them case 13 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 taking obl 14 without without SCONJ _ 15 giving mark 15 giving give VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 keep advcl 16 back back ADV _ 15 giving advmod 17 ( ( PUNCT _ 18 informal punct 18 informal informal ADJ Degree=Pos 15 giving parataxis 19 ) ) PUNCT _ 18 informal punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sponge off to-infinitive someone vn berry-13.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Location 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 keep not said to happen to-infinitive tree rules 4 take gerund money or food from money vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent money=Theme from they=Initial_Location 5 give back gerund vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Wipe the table with a damp sponge.
det obj case det amod obl punct root Wipe VERB the DET table NOUN with ADP a DET damp ADJ sponge NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wipe wipe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 table det 3 table table NOUN Number=Sing 1 Wipe obj 4 with with ADP _ 7 sponge case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 sponge det 6 damp damp ADJ Degree=Pos 7 sponge amod 7 sponge sponge NOUN Number=Sing 1 Wipe obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Wipe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wipe imperative you not said here the table with a damp sponge vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent table=Theme
Example 2 The sponge soaked up all the spilled juice.
det acl compound:prt det:predet det amod obl punct root The DET sponge NOUN soaked VERB up ADP all DET the DET spilled VERB juice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sponge det 2 sponge sponge NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 soaked soak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 2 sponge acl 4 up up ADP _ 3 soaked compound:prt 5 all all DET PronType=Tot 8 juice det:predet 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 juice det 7 spilled spill VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 juice amod 8 juice juice NOUN Number=Sing 3 soaked obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 sponge punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 soak up participle the sponge not said here all spilled juice vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 spill participle vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 Sea sponges are animals that live on the ocean floor.
compound nsubj cop nsubj acl:relcl case det compound obl punct root Sea NOUN sponges NOUN are AUX animals NOUN that PRON live VERB on ADP the DET ocean NOUN floor NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 2 sponges compound 2 sponges sponge NOUN Number=Plur 4 animals nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 animals cop 4 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 live nsubj 6 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 animals acl:relcl 7 on on ADP _ 10 floor case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 floor det 9 ocean ocean NOUN Number=Sing 10 floor compound 10 floor floor NOUN Number=Sing 6 live obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 animals punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Sea sponges animals tree rules 2 live present animals the ocean floor vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on floor=Location
Example 4 Grandma baked a jam sponge for tea.
nsubj det compound obj case nmod punct root Grandma NOUN baked VERB a DET jam NOUN sponge NOUN for ADP tea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 2 baked nsubj 2 baked bake VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 sponge det 4 jam jam NOUN Number=Sing 5 sponge compound 5 sponge sponge NOUN Number=Sing 2 baked obj 6 for for ADP _ 7 tea case 7 tea tea NOUN Number=Sing 5 sponge nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 baked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bake past Grandma a jam sponge for tea vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent sponge=Material for tea=Beneficiary
Example 5 She sponged the mud off her coat.
nsubj det obj case nmod:poss obl punct root She PRON sponged VERB the DET mud NOUN off ADP her PRON coat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 sponged nsubj 2 sponged sponge VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 mud det 4 mud mud NOUN Number=Sing 2 sponged obj 5 off off ADP _ 7 coat case 6 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 coat nmod:poss 7 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 2 sponged obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 sponged punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sponge past She the mud her coat vn wipe_instr-10.4.2 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent mud=Theme off coat=Initial_Location
Example 6 Little children soak up new words like a sponge.
amod nsubj compound:prt amod obj case det nmod punct root Little ADJ children NOUN soak VERB up ADP new ADJ words NOUN like ADP a DET sponge NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Little little ADJ Degree=Pos 2 children amod 2 children child NOUN Number=Plur 3 soak nsubj 3 soak soak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 up up ADP _ 3 soak compound:prt 5 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 6 words amod 6 words word NOUN Number=Plur 3 soak obj 7 like like ADP _ 9 sponge case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 sponge det 9 sponge sponge NOUN Number=Sing 6 words nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 soak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 soak up present Little children new words like a sponge vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent word=Source
Example 7 We tested which material absorbs most water, and the sponge won.
nsubj det nsubj ccomp amod obj punct cc det nsubj conj punct root We PRON tested VERB which DET material NOUN absorbs VERB most ADJ water NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET sponge NOUN won VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 tested nsubj 2 tested test VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 which which DET PronType=Int 4 material det 4 material material NOUN Number=Sing 5 absorbs nsubj 5 absorbs absorb VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 tested ccomp 6 most most ADJ Degree=Sup 7 water amod 7 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 absorbs obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 won punct 9 and and CCONJ _ 12 won cc 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 sponge det 11 sponge sponge NOUN Number=Sing 12 won nsubj 12 won win VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 tested conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 tested punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 test past We tree rules 2 absorb present which material most water vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Goal water=Theme 3 win past the sponge vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 The angry Merchant immediately turned about and drove the Ass back to the seashore, where he loaded him with two great baskets of sponges.
The tree, 24 words det amod nsubj advmod advmod cc conj det obj advmod case det obl punct advmod nsubj acl:relcl obj case nummod amod obl case nmod punct root The DET angry ADJ Merchant PROPN immediately ADV turned VERB about ADV and CCONJ drove VERB the DET Ass NOUN back ADV to ADP the DET seashore NOUN , PUNCT where ADV he PRON loaded VERB him PRON with ADP two NUM great ADJ baskets NOUN of ADP sponges NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Merchant det 2 angry angry ADJ Degree=Pos 3 Merchant amod 3 Merchant Merchant PROPN Number=Sing 5 turned nsubj 4 immediately immediately ADV _ 5 turned advmod 5 turned turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 about about ADV _ 5 turned advmod 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 drove cc 8 drove drive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 turned conj 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 Ass det 10 Ass ass NOUN Number=Sing 8 drove obj 11 back back ADV _ 8 drove advmod 12 to to ADP _ 14 seashore case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 seashore det 14 seashore seashore NOUN Number=Sing 8 drove obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 18 loaded punct 16 where where ADV PronType=Rel 18 loaded advmod 17 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 loaded nsubj 18 loaded load VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 14 seashore acl:relcl 19 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 loaded obj 20 with with ADP _ 23 baskets case 21 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 23 baskets nummod 22 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 23 baskets amod 23 baskets basket NOUN Number=Plur 18 loaded obl 24 of of ADP _ 25 sponges case 25 sponges sponge NOUN Number=Plur 23 baskets nmod 26 . . PUNCT _ 5 turned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn about past the angry Merchant about, immediately property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 2 drive back past the angry Merchant not said here the Ass the seashore vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent ass=Theme to seashore=Trajectory 3 load past Merchant him = he with two great baskets of sponges vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent he=Destination with basket=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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